Resdietial schools

This explaining what Residential Schools did for all these years. In the 19th century the Canadian government believed it was responsible for educating and care for the countrys aboriginal people. It though that native people best chance for success was to adopt Christianity and Canadian customs. This event was trying to make Aboriginal children talk, dress, think and act like Canadians.Children were the main targets, because it was believed that it would be asier to change a young child as opposed to an adult. At the time, the government and churches believed that residential schooling was the right thing to do for the Aboriginal children to be better and wiser people. â€Å"In order to educate the children properly we must separate them from their families†¦ Some people may say this hard, but if we want to civilize them we must do that. (A federal Cabinet Minister, 1883, CBC Learning DVD) Government and churches believed in the movement, due to their intent of educating, assi milating and integrating the Aboriginal people into Canadian society. The system was designed to â€Å"kill the Indian in the child. † Aboriginal families all across Canada were affected by the Residential Schools system, and still are affected. Children were forced to attend and live year round at these schools. Parents had to accept that their children would no longer be in their care and that they would be looked after by churches and funded by the Canadian government, or face imprisonment.The importance of this issue is that, Residential Schools had a high impact at the time to destroy the close ties in Aboriginal families and the strong sense of culture in communities. Our objective is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada†¦ that has not been absorbed unto the body politic†¦ and there is not Indian question and no Indian Department†(Duncan Campbell Scott, Deputy Superintendent of Indian Affairs Jan 1,1920, CBC Learning DVD) The governme nt wanted to blend the aboriginals in to the â€Å"norm† of Canadian society.If you are an â€Å"outsider† like a First Nations person, you are expected to follow to rules and social normalities of a Canadian. Life at Residential Schools was hard for the first nation's children. Children were taught that their spiritual practices were vil, and were banned from their practices. They were forced to speak English, and were punished if they spoke their own native languages. Many suffered physical, sexual and emotional abuse while living in the residential schools.Some children died from how horrible treatments were at the Residential schools. They couldn't take the abuse or the poor poverty anymore. Very few of the teachers were qualified to teach therefore the education was poor. It's important to note that the Residential School programs were disgraceful, not Just from the perspective of our times, but rom the perspective of their own. This policy has had a lasting and d amaging impact their homes, separate from the cultures and traditions that are created for many lives and communities.They government now recognize that, these institutions gave rise to abuse and you shouldn't change a culture Just because they are living in Canada. â€Å"As Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal Canadians seek to move forward together in a process of renewal, it is essential that we deal with the leagues of the past affecting the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, including the First Nations, Inuit and M ©tis. Our purpose is not to rewrite history but, rather, to learn from our past and to find ways to deal with negative impacts that certain historical decisions continue to have in our society today. (A Day at Indian Residential Schools in Canada, DVD) Many Aboriginal people had enough and wanted to take power over this issue. Families couldn't be a proper family anymore because they couldn't communicate with one another. The Residential Schools broke the. Children coming fr om Residential Schools, grew up, got married and had kids. But they couldn't be good parents because they didn't now how. They didn't have a role model of being a good parent when growing up in Residential Schools. A Day at Indian Residential Schools in Canada, DVD) This caused even more problem to the Aboriginal People. Protesters by Aboriginal parents, National Brotherhood and Inspectors from Indian Affairs making this world wide for Government to hear the people and know about this horrible issue the Aboriginal People had to go through. â€Å"Sadly, our history with respect to the treatment of Aboriginal People is not something is in which we can take pride. Attitude of racial nd cultural superiority led to a suppression of Aboriginal culture and values.As a country we burdened by past actions that resulted in weakling the identity of Aboriginal peoples, suppressing their languages, cultures and outlawing spiritual practices. We must recognize the impact of these actions thatonc e self- sustaining nations that were disaggregated, disruned, limited or even destroyed. â€Å"(A Day at Indian Residential Schools in Canada, DVD) After years of protests by Aboriginal parents, leaders, organizations, and the many the many reports of problems, the federal government knew that the Residential School system was being coming a big problem.Regional Inspectors from Indian Affairs recommended that the Residential School should be over and done with and they made sure the Government heard the voices about the issue. The National Indian Brotherhood's position paper of 1972, â€Å"Indian Control of Indian Education,† proposed to implement two principles of education that would make school more relevant to students and their communities: Parental responsibility and local control of education, including the right to hire staff and develop curriculum. (Aboriginal People in Canada, pg. 33-358) this went worldwide.The federal government and now recognizing that, what the y did before was wrong and that the Aboriginal People should take over. The Residential School system failed as a system of education for three reasons: Server underfunding, particularly during the two World Wars and the Depression, Inadequate management due to the rapid growth of the system and students. (Aboriginal People in Canada, pg. 358) Aboriginal People were not satisfied with Just the closure of Residential Schools, individuals and communities took action. In 1988, Residential School survivors from St.George's Residential School in Lytton, British Columbia, filed lawsuits against the Anglican Church for damages for sexual abuse. Canadians were shocked by news reports about routinely abuses by the Catholic Church. This case opened the accounts of abuse in the Residential school across Canada and, finally, national attention focused on the damages that this system had inflicted. Non- Aboriginal leaders and citizens condemned the abuse that had taken place for so long. It was time for the churches and government to respond, take action about the problem and hear the voices (Aboriginal People in Canada, pg. 8) The treatment of children in Indian Residential Schools is a sad chapter in history of Canada. Indian Residential Schools separated over 1 50,000 Aboriginal children from their families and communities. The primary objectives of Residential Schools system were to remove and isolate, transitions and cultures, and to assimilate them into the dominant culture. The government now recognize that this policy was wrong, had caused great harm and has no place in Canada. The legacy of Indian Residential Schools has contributed to social problems that continue to exist in many communities today.The government also recognizes the consequences of Residential Schools policy was negative and that it has had a lasting and damaging impact on Aboriginal culture, heritage and language. â€Å"On behalf of the Government of Canada and all Canadians, I stand before you , in this Chamber so central to our life as a country, to apologize to Aboriginal Peoples of Canada's role in the Indian Residential Schools system. â€Å"(Stephen Harper, CBC Learning, Stolen Children) Government policy destroyed the fabric of family in first nations, M ©tis and Inuit communities.Parents and children were made to feel worthless. Parents and grandparents were given no choice. Their children were stolen from them. â€Å"Today we live in a reality created by the residential schools system, stole from them. â€Å"Today we live in a reality created by the residential schools system, a present that is haunted by this tragic and painful heritage from those first nations, M ©tis and Inuit children, from their families and their communities, a dark and painful heritage that all Canadians must accept as a part of our history. (St ©phane Dion, CBC Learning, Stolen Children, DVD) For a pretty long, Canadian governments chose denial over truth, and when confronted with the eight of truth, chose silence. Canadian governments also refused to acknowledge their role in creating the residential schools system and perpetrating the goal of wiping out aboriginal identity and culture.Canadian governments ignored the consequences of this problem. Instead of trying to understand the Aboriginal People's suffering that continues to this day, they went into silence. Today, we, representatives of the Canadian people, apologize to those who survived residential schools and to those who died as a result of the laws enacted by previous governments and parliaments. By speaking directly to survivors and victims' today on the floor of the House of Commons, we apologize to those who died waiting for these words to be spoken and these wrongs acknowledged. † (St ©phane Dion, CBC Learning, people for accepting the apology that they are getting from Canada. Together we remember and honour them for it was they who suffered the most as they witnessed generation afte r generation of their children taken from their families' love and guidance. for the generations that will follow us, we bear witness today in this House that our survival as First Nations peoples in this land is affirmed forever. (Phil Fontaine National Chief, CBC Learning, Stolen Children, DVD) The First Nations now significance of the day of apology is not Just about what has been done, but equally important, what id to come.They know that never again will the House consider the First Nations the Indian problem for Just being who they are. The first Nations heard and know that the Government of Canada will take full responsibility for this dead chapter in their shared history. they heard the Prime Minister declare that this will never happen again. They finally heard Canada say it is sorry. â€Å"Everyone has still have o struggle, but now they are in this together. † (Phil Fontaine National Chief, CBC Learning, Stolen Children, DVD) The effects of Residential School last generations and healing will take as long.If is not possible for communities, families and nations to heal within a few years and will continue to grow. Steps to Healing that I think is good: Creating safety from violence, Showing respect and tolerance for differences, Being responsible and holding others responsible for actions and recognizing the hurt and the need to change. In conclusion, I think Residential School shouldn't been built in the first place. Even if you were trying to change a cultural to become Just like yours.There were different ways to d it; like teaching them your ways on your own time. Instead of doing it a whole culture and causing so much problems. Or not doing anything about the issue at all. When Canada was apologizing to the Aboriginal People, In my opinion, I think Canada's attempt was trying to close the Aboriginal identity and culture by taking away from their families when they were children and by building a system to punish them for whole they were. They didn't value the Aboriginal people as parents. Didn't trust and respect them.

The Freedom Writers Diary

The Freedom Writers Essay- Chloe Taylor How are different cultures represented in Freedom Writers? What values and attitudes do we draw from the film and its background? Cultures are shown and exposed to us in various ways everyday. Different cultures are represented in different ways in the Western Society. In the movie Freedom Writers, we witness this cultural conflict on a first hand basis. Urban youths in Freedom Writers heavily rely on respect to judge others. They also judge based on each other’s cultural back ground.Later in the film, these same teenagers begin to value education and the sense of belonging in school, rather than belonging in gangs. Gangs and groups are a part of the Western Society that we have had to learn to accept in our lives. In the feature film Freedom Writers, we are shown gangs divided up into cultures and cultural backgrounds. This has built up a lot of tension between cultures and attitudes towards other gangs. The scene in which all the stude nts enter room 203 and take seats into their separate corners of the room divided into their certain corners of the room shows the division between students in a real life.We see a long shot of the whole classroom showing its layout and the segregation between gangs. Then multiple mid-shots are shown of the gang itself and its individual members to decipher the multiple gangs, their attitudes towards school and their way of life. Even though the students start their school year with an attitude of ignorance towards other cultures they begin to learn the value of each individual and change their point of view and their gangs and cooperate with their cultures. People may argue that respect is something that has to be earned, it is not automatic.In the 1992 Los Angeles’s race riots, respect was something that was taken for granted, as it was essential for their society. In Freedom Writers, Ms Gruwell demanded respect immediately. Not surprisingly the students refused to give it to her and why should they of, they didn’t know anything about Ms Gruwell. Towards the end of the film we see that Ms Gruwell has gradually gained the respect she wanted from her class. We are shown this in a first hand basis as Andre, a gang member, calls Ms Gruwell ‘Mam’.She takes this as an offence and claims she is not anyone’s mother; Eva soon corrects her and states that it was a ‘sign of respect to you’. This scene is shown to us by a series of close up shots of Andre, Ms Gruwell and Eva. This is purposely done to capture the changing emotion in the characters face. The students of room 203 value Ms Gruwell not only as a teacher and a person and this is reflected in their attitude and behaviour. We all know what racism is and have most likely been subjected to it or witnessed it at one time in our lives.Racism is more prominent in schools and work places although random attacks of racist acts can also be seen in the streets or at public places where the offender and the victim may not even know each other. In the feature film Freedom Writers, every student at Long Beach either dishes out racist comments or receives them. When all of the ‘unteachable’ students get integrated into the same class we see this clash of cultures collide. A racist caricature is drawn of one of the African-American students and the rest of the students find it amusing.Ms Gruwell takes the picture and compares it to the Jews during the holocaust. Erin was greeted with dumb-founded looks only to find out the kids didn’t know what the holocaust was yet they acted out their lives in a similar racist manner. This scene is shown by using close ups of Ms Gruwell and the victim of the caricature, Jamal. We see Ms Gruwell looking horrified and Jamal’s expression looking embarrassed. We are also shown mid-shots of the whole class to show their expressions and they seem amused and proud of themselves.Towards the end of the movie the students do not lash out any forms of racism at one another and instead treat each other as good friends. At the end of Freedom Writers, the students have accepted and value each other as individual people not of their cultural back ground. Ms Gruwell gained the respect she earned from devoting her life to teach these children. During this essay I have explored the movie Freedom Writers and how factors like gangs, respect and racism can have such an impact on peoples lives. It can change peoples values on life and their attitudes and behaviours towards things and that is what we draw from the film.

Research on Dribbling and Passing

Research on Dribbling and Passing Submitted By: Andro Joseph Dela Cruz Basketball dribbling skills Basketball dribbling skills are something that you have to work at to obtain, maintain and improve. Most everyone knows how to dribble a basketball, but not everyone can dribble like a pro. When you first begin to learn dribbling techniques you will learn that you don’t dribble with the palm of your hand, dribbling a basketball is done with the tips of your fingers. You will use your forearm and wrist to balance the ball as you learn to dribble with using the tips of your fingers.Your coach will usually put together a different basketball practice plan for the team each practice. This will assist each player individually and as a unit to improve both their individual and team skills. Don’t just stop with scheduled practices if you truly want to improve your skills and control on the court. On your own you can start by running dribbling drills. Remember to keep your weight on the balls of your feet and in the ready position. As you continue to learn and improve your foot and dribbling control on the court as an individual player, you will begin to show your improved skills as a team player.Your team members may also want to run drills with you after practice, or just play for fun. These are other ways for you to learn potential opposing team types of moves and learn different offensive techniques. A team works together toward the goal of winning, but they also work together offensively to help prepare each other for what the opposing team may be bringing to the court. Protect the Ball When dribbling against a defender, ALWAYS protect the ball with your body. You can do this by dribbling with your left hand when you are going left and your right hand when you are going right.This will force the defender to reach across your body to attempt a steal. Developing your â€Å"off† hand It is important to work right from the start at developing both ha nd equally well. When practicing your ball handling, make sure that you practice at least as much with your weak hand as you do your strong hand, eventually increasing to twice as much with your weak hand. Coaches like†¦ Coaches like a person who: 1) can dribble with both hands 2) doesn? t try to show off for no reason 3) isn? t afraid to make the extra pass to get a teammate more open than you are.And if coaches like you, then they tell other coaches. Word spreads very quickly and just by doing the little things you can have a name for yourself in no time. Keep Your Head Up When doing all drills involving dribbling, it is extremely important that you keep your head up. You must be able to see where you are going and where your teammates are so you can pass them the ball when they are open. Speed Dribble The speed dribble is used to advance the ball quickly up the floor, against little or no defensive pressure.The dribblers hand should be behind the ball pushing it in front, th en running to catch up. This prevents a â€Å"palming† or â€Å"carrying over† violation. The speed dribble in the open floor can be a little higher than other dribbles. Control dribble moves should be around the knee, but a speed dribble can be waist high. Power dribbling-Dirt dribbling This drill actually requires you to leave the basketball court and find a patch of dirt. Do a Power dribble on the dirt for 1 or 2 minutes. You will need to power dribble the ball even harder than usual in order to get the ball to bounce on the dirt.This drill is an extremely good arm workout with power dribbling. Dribbling to avoid pressure By dribbling the ball over half court on the sideline, you are giving the defense an advantage. They can set up their help side defense or trap you. Change directions and it helps relieve some pressure. As often as possible, bring the ball up the middle of the court and NEVER pick up your dribble in the corners. Passing 1)  Two-Handed Chest Pass Overview This is the most effective and efficient pass you can use. It can be used successfully from anywhere on the court.Use this pass whenever possible because it's the fastest way to advance the ball to teammates. Fundamentals Place each hand on either side of the ball and spread the fingers evenly. Fully extend your arms as you push the ball out from your chest and snap your wrists outward so that the back of your hands are now facing each other. You'll get a good rotation on the ball when you snap your wrists. This makes the ball easier to handle for the receiver. Be sure the pass is thrown crisply with the ball remaining parallel with the floor.You want the pass to arrive at your receiver above the waist and below the shoulders. 2)  Two-Handed Bounce Pass Overview This type of pass is good on the fast break, to a teammate in the post, under a defender, to a teammate making a back-door cut, on out-of-bounds plays, etc. A lot of times, players will make a shot or high-pass fa ke before making the bounce pass. The bounce pass is the slowest pass available. Fundamentals Use the same grip and motion with this basketball pass as you did with the chest pass. The ball should hit the floor about two-thirds of the way to the receiver.To be more accurate, step toward that spot. You want to hit your teammate between the knees and waist. A backspin is good to use to give the receiver a longer lead. Push the thumbs throught the ball to achieve the backspin. A forward spin can be used to get the ball through a narrow opening and to produce a quicker pass. You'll need to be more accurate when using a forward spin but if you can perfect it, it will add more to your game. 3)  Two-Handed Overhead Pass Overview This is an effective basketball passing option for every player on the court.Players often use it to start a fast break, forwards will use it to hit post players or guards cutting off the post, guards use it to hit the post, centers and players receiving high pas ses use it to make a quick return pass or pass off. This type of pass is easy to control and helps you keep the ball away from your defender. Fundamentals Position your hands on the sides of the ball with your fingers pointed up. Your thumbs should be on the back of the ball and pointing in toward one another. Bring the ball up above your head (be sure your hands go straight up, not up and back over your head).Release the ball with a quick snap of your wrists and fingers like on a chest pass. It's usually good to make a slight step forward with the foot of your strong arm side. 4)  Push Pass Overview This pass is used most often to advance the ball down the floor in order to set up the offense or to get the ball through or past a close-guarding defender (usually to a cutter). The bounce pass version is good for passes to a cutter on fast breaks or reverses, many out-of-bounds plays, to a post player or to pass under a defender. Fundamentals Hold ball chest high.Spread your fingers on each side with thumbs directly behind, but a bit toward the top of the ball and pointing toward one another. Keep elbows close in. The force of the ball is provided with a quick snap of your wrist, fingers and elbows. You should move forward with your body crouched a bit. Step forward with your passing-hand-side foot and push off with your non-passing-hand-side foot. You can use a direct or bounce pass. Direct pass should reach receiver between the waist and shoulders and bounce pass should hit the floor about two thirds of the way to receiver and arrive between the knees and waist. )  Off-the-Dribble Pass One of the quickest basketball passing options because there's really no set-up with it. As you're dribbling, instead of bouncing the ball back to the floor for another dribble, move your hand behind the ball and push it towards a teammate as a pass. It's hard for defenders to steal this one because they're expecting a dribble instead of the pass. 6)  Baseball Pass Effecti ve for long passes to a cutter or to inbound the ball quickly after allowing a score. Place the ball high above the side of your head with the passing hand behind the ball while the other hand is in front of and slightly under the ball.Be sure the fingers of each hand are pointed upward and your thumbs are pointing inward over your head. Plant your rear foot and step toward the receiver with your front foot. Try to keep both hands on the ball as long as possible and throw the ball with a quick wrist snap and arm thrust. As you follow through, snap your wrist straight down so the ball doesn't curve on you. 7)  Behind-the-Back Pass A basketball passing technique that can work wonders when done well or end up terrible if done wrong or carelessly.So make sure you practice this one to perfection and only use it when the situation warrants it. This pass can be used off the dribble, standing still or while moving toward the basket and is used often with two-on-one fast breaks. If you can deliver this pass correctly, it will be very difficult for your opponent to defend. Cup the ball in your hand. Swing your arm behind your back with the elbow bent, fingers pointed down and your thumb pointed toward your back. Release the ball with a whip of your arm and a quick wrist and finger snap

Human Patterns of Consumption and the Environment Essay

Human Patterns of Consumption and the Environment - Essay Example Human Patterns of Consumption and the Environment As time went by, and environmental problems ensued, people could no longer just give a blind eye. As Emerald (2004) said â€Å"the effects of all of this are that individuals are caught in a cycle of acquisition, leading to the creation and maintenance of a false - self, and a continuance of economic policies that further depletion of our natural resources and the spread of pollution, and ultimately, an erosion of our spiritual connections with nature† (p.22). It has come to the attention of many environmentalist groups that many of the natural disasters occurring this age could have been avoided if it were not for the unrestrained nature of human patterns of consumption. Human consumption has many factors that are to be considered with regards to its effects with nature. Perhaps the most pivotal among these factors is the development of human system of economics. The human spirit is one of continuing enterprise, and this could be viewed in how human economies developed to globalization and consumerism. As the world got more connected, the culture of commercialization and consumerism spread throughout the world. Imhoff, Bounoua, Ricketts, Loucks, Harriss and Lawrence (2004) indicated that â€Å"human populations clearly are not limited to consuming the products of local photosynthesis since regional and global trade transports these products widely, such that the environmental impacts of human consumption are partly realized far from where products are actually consumed†.... There is always the demand to satisfy more wants and needs as the world is more interconnected than before. This is being done with little regard to its negative effects towards nature. Muradian (2004) observed: The very nature of environmental impacts may vary from industrialized (most of them located in temperate areas) to developing countries (many of them located in tropical and biodiversity-rich areas). For instance, while soybean may be cultivated both in Brazil and the U.S., the environmental consequences of soybean expansion are quite different in these countries. Current trade-related soybean expansion into the Brazilian Amazon (in part to cover a booming Chinese demand) may produce permanent and significant biodiversity loss, while the environmental impacts of American soybean production is mainly associated with the use of agrochemicals (p.6). As industrialization and commercialization develops and progresses to satisfy human consumption, so does the increase of human popu lation and habitation are to be expected. The unchecked expansion of urbanized zones also has negative effects towards the environment. Stein (2009) posited that â€Å"increasing home sizes as well as increases in the amount of appliances and IT products being used mean more coal-fired power plant construction and higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions while the increase in landfills and biomass burning from growing disposal of goods has increased CH4 emissions (p.47). These resulted to sudden climate changes around the world and also due the effects of global warming. Nordhaus (2007) wrote that â€Å"the discoveries about abrupt climate change have led to concerns that there may be grave or even catastrophic

Royal Mail Privatisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Royal Mail Privatisation - Essay Example For purposes of this brief analysis, the author will consider the case of the Royal Mail with regards to its upcoming privatized nation. Rather than delineating whether or not this is a positive or negative in, per se, the analysis will be contingent upon the activities and obligations that the Royal Mail engenders, how privatized nation might impact this industry, a discussion and analysis of what privatized nation actually entails, a discussion of the market structure of the parcel and packet delivery industry, and analysis of the way that this might impact upon performance, business, industry, and the consumer, and finally a discussion and analysis of whether such a level of privatization might in fact be in the best interests of these respective stakeholders or not (Houghton et al., 2013). It is the hope of this author that such a level of analysis will help to elucidate a further level of understanding in the mind of the reader with regards to the Royal mail and how it is likely to be defined and evolved within the coming years (Whyman, 2009). Q1: As it stands today, the Royal Mail is responsible for delivering and processing tens of millions of pieces of mail, both domestic and international, that transit within the United Kingdom. Tracing its origins back as far as Henry VIII, the Royal Mail service has existed and evolved with the needs of the United Kingdom throughout the years. Currently, the Royal Mail is the primary and most prolific provider of posts and parcel service within the United Kingdom and its territories (The Guardian, 2012). As with many other nationalized entities, the Royal Mail has not operated with ultimate profitability as the core contingent. Although solvency and a level of profitability has been considered, the main driving force that denotes business interactions within the world has not, at least up until this time, then a prescient concern. One of the defining compliments of the Royal Mail is what is known as the â€Å"univer sal service†. This â€Å"universal service† regards the compunction that the Royal Mail has to service all corners of the United Kingdom and provide post and parcel service, as well as a litany of other services, to these individuals; regardless of whether they live in far-flung reaches of the UK (Yarker, 2013). Naturally, privatization threatens to fundamentally redefine the way in which the Royal Mail operates. Consequently, before delving too deeply into the process of privatization itself, or seeking to analyze the means by which privatization will impact upon the Royal Mail, it is necessary seek to understand privatization itself as well as the core fundamentals of what it entails for any operation that engages with such a model of production. As has briefly been referenced above, the Royal Mail has not previously operated within the bounds of seeking to maximize a level of profitability. However, by very definition, privatization is a process through which singula r or joint ownership of a given entity/business seeks to exploit the overall level of profitability that can be realized. As a function of this, privatization threatens to fundamentally shift the way in which such an industry as the Royal Mail might be evidenced within the future. Q2: Whereas the Royal Mail had a near monopoly upon the United Kingd

The Bread Givers,the Smolinsky house is patriarchal in nature Essay

The Bread Givers,the Smolinsky house is patriarchal in nature - Essay Example Instances of such patriotism have been displayed throughout the story where the writer says,’ Traditional father searches for God through the Talmud and religious study’ (Yezeirska, 1925, xvi) specifying that Moses’ reading was confined only to reading Jewish sacred texts. Another instance where’ mother believed she might earn a place in the heaven by serving her husband well’ (Yezeirska, xvi) showed that the family was firm in traditional believes. Sara’s father’s attachment to Jewish culture has been depicted here as patriarchal characteristics. Surrounded by the lives of his family, the patriarchal nature of the father has a powerful role to play in this novel. It gives a winning note to his values when his daughter’s lives are destroyed due to his religious values and this rigidity has also been noted where Moses, even in dying state refuses to live with Sara and Hugo. The story was written somewhere between 1920 and the society and culture of that phase has an impact on the story. Even before that in the 19th century during the colonial period in America we find the prevalence of the class system. The upper class denoted the aristocrat class who were owners of large plantations. During the 19th century slavery was also present in the society and the plantation owners usually owned large number of slaves and worked hard to achieve higher standards of living. Post colonization, the immigration of Jews to the New York City has been talked about in the story. More than a merge, there was a clash of the two cultures. M ore specifically a struggle between the old and the new world was clearly noticed. Jews of that period were very particular about their traditions and appeared to be conservative. The Jewish people restricted from interacting with people of different cultural background. This is depicted in the story. Where Sara Smolinsky is opening up to accept the new concept of self independence imposed in American culture, Moses remains about

Doctrine of election and its application to biblical studies Essay

Doctrine of election and its application to biblical studies - Essay Example The doctrine of election is a critical aspect in theology as it plays a vital role in the lives of many Christians. This doctrine has overwhelming biblical support and has extensive application in biblical studies. The doctrine of election is has been one of the most debated doctrines in theology. Those who support the doctrine, and who are the majority, claim that God predestined the fate of all humans. In this context, election means that from the beginning, God selected some people out of his sovereignty for salvation. On the other hand, opponents of the doctrine claim that there is no way that God can select or choose some individuals at the expense of others. They deem that is the doctrine of election was true, then there should no be evangelism and that God could not have wasted his time creating the individuals he did not select. However, there is considerable evidence in the scriptures that God has his chosen people both in the Old and New Testament. The doctrine of election rests in the premise that man does not have power to choose his fate, but God has the sovereign authority to predestine the fate of man. This paper will discuss in detail the doctrine of election. It will provide a historical overview of the doctrine, tracing its origin. It will also discuss the nature of the doctrine in terms of its validity, uniqueness and distinguishing features. In addition, this paper will seek to analyze the biblical defense of the doctrine and discuss its application in biblical studies. Finally, the paper will analyze some opposition to the doctrine and provide a conclusion based on the findings. ... It will also discuss the nature of the doctrine in terms of its validity, uniqueness and distinguishing features. In addition, this paper will seek to analyze the biblical defense of the doctrine and discuss its application in biblical studies. Finally, the paper will analyze some opposition to the doctrine and provide a conclusion based on the findings. Introduction The doctrine of election depicts that God singled certain persons in his mind from both angles and men and ordained them into the eternal life and blessedness. Prior to creating them, he decided their destiny just as a builder plans and determines every part of the building before laying the building materials for performing his design. Therefore, election may be the part of advice of God where He did it from all perpetuity purpose in Himself to show His grace upon His creatures. A definite decree about the creatures made the election effective (Pink, 2). The largest podium for discussions in the Christian community is t he doctrine of unconditional election. Most opponents of the doctrine of election deem that God bestows the choice of each person’s salvation upon himself or herself. They assert that people are the one to choose whether they will believe in God or not. This means that the person has to decide upon his life and it applies even in the modern society. In support on the doctrine of election, Piper counters that God chooses whom to save, which is the meaning of election. He claims that man is dead in sins and therefore, no condition where man has to meet with God before He chooses to save him from his sinful actions (1). God chose some individuals before the foundation of the world. Such chosen people acquired their redemption at the cross and God

Hollywood musicals Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Hollywood musicals - Movie Review Example This genre is considered as one of the popular genres of Hollywood. It had unique features, elements, themes and characteristics. In Hollywood Musicals cinema, music and songs were used as a narrative tool to convey the script to the audience. The songs and music had a different interpretation from the dialogues, the metaphors used in the songs would tell the story in an entertaining and creative manner. The combination of dance movements, rhythm, melody and other stylistic aspects of the genre made Hollywood Musicals as a unique, popular and entertaining. The review of Hollywood Musicals, ‘Singing in the Rain’ (1952), ‘Easter Parade’ (1948) and Good News’ (1947) will help to analyze the themes and ideas on which the movies were based at that particular time. ‘Singing in the rain’ released in 1952 was directed by Stanley Donon and Genne Kelly. It had actors Don Lockenod, Cosmo Brown and Lina Lamont. The film was a modest hit but got a legendary status by contemporary critics. The movie has a great humor; the scenes that deal with the technical difficulties of the early days of talkies are hilarious and entertaining. This movie is about the making of movies, the setting is either the sets of the movie or the premiere shows. ‘Singing in the Rain’ is considered as one of the best musicals made in its time. It was ranked as fifth best American movie in the list of ‘Greatest American films’ in 2007. The movie offers a lighthearted representation of Hollywood with the stars that are caught up in the transition from the silent movies to talkies. The movie revolves around funny and hilarious scenes which deal with the scenes where the stars are dealing with technical issues during making of their movie. ‘Singing in the Rain’ is considered as the best musical movie ever made, the sequence where Kelly begins dance until the cop looks at him strangely is probably the most joyous musical sequence ever filmed in the

Community and public health nursing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Community and public health nursing - Case Study Example Apparently, the prevalence rates increases with age where U.S children aged between 15 and 17 years recorded the highest prevalence rate of 16.5 %. However, the highest prevalence rate in DC manifests among children aged between 5 and 9 years who had 21.6 %. Subject to these prevalence rates, I would target U.S children in the age group 15-17 for intervention since the condition is most common in this age group. The age group has the highest prevalence percent, 16.5 % in U.S. In DC, I would target children in the age group 5-9 for intervention. The age group has the highest prevalence percent, 21.6 % in DC. These interventions will reduce Asthma mortality rate among children. Moreover, subject to these prevalence rates, I would target black children in America and DC for intervention since the condition is most common in this race. The race has the highest prevalence percent, 21.0 % in U.S, and 20.4 % in DC. Indeed, the prevalence rate is higher among African Americans compared to whites and others. The intervention will reduce Asthma mortality rate among black

Goethe’s plotting Essay Example for Free

Goethe’s plotting Essay In the intellectual history of Europe, Johann Wolfgang yon Goethe is central to the development of Romantic thinking, which was contemporary in his day. Goethe attempted to see the world in a new light; he reconsiders old questions of good and evil, as well as questions about human nature. The story of Faust allows such considerations. Romantics strive for something beyond their reach, beyond anyone’s reach. Contentment is not their goal. One place that we see Faust’s striving is in his conversation on â€Å"unrest† with Wagner (699-702). Just as Wagner illustrates the normal academic who thinks that books hold all the answers he needs, Faust as a Romantic has come both to realize the limitations of what’s in books and to be unwilling to accept those limitations. Wagner thinks Faust should enjoy the reputation he has as a doctor among the peasants, but Faust knows the reputation is a sham. He and his father were in truth helpless against the ravages of the plague (although they obviously at least comforted the sick). Faust’s aspirations permit him to make a bargain with Mephistopheles, especially since a part of the bet involves Mephistopheles’ belief that Faust will eventually enjoy contentment. Rather than seeking knowledge, which had been a goal of the Faust of German and English tradition, Goethe’s Faust seeks experience and feeling. This also makes his quest apart of the Romantic tradition. The Romantic hero must approach life’s mysteries by active participation, not by reflection. When Faust and Mephistopheles see the witch for her medicine, what Faust wants is youth, so that he can experience what he may have missed while he was absorbed in his studies. And what he comes to want then is Margaret, the peasant maid who looks like a beauty to the revitalized man. The Romantic has spiritual goals, but they’re usually outside of conventional religions. We see this most directly in the scene between Gretchen and Faust. She wants him to be a Christian, but Faust’s spirituality cannot be contained by dogma. To follow this Romantic thread, think of Christianity as a revealed religion, embraced by the European and German society of the time. It made many late eighteenths and early nineteenth century people feel safe and secure. You can see how this picture of comfort might fall outside of the Romantic’s striving, since he seeks a mystery beyond the conventional. The Romantic hero must be willing to break free of bounds, no matter the consequences. Another key romantic characteristic is a faith in nature as a creative source, as both a source of comfort and energy. Faust expresses his enthusiasm early when he contrasts the value of experiencing nature with the deadness of books (685). What impresses him about Easter is the revitalizing force of spring rather than the story of Jesus (695-6). It is the exalted spirit of nature that he credits with allowing him to penetrate Gretchens heart, and that he credits with giving him the companion Mephistopheles 747-48 -48). Conclusion Besides a faith in nature, romantics idealize childhood and women, seeing in them a purity and honesty of emotions that are difficult to attain in the intellectual and adult worlds. This romanticism can be seen in Goethe’s plotting, as he has the church bell remind Faust of his childhood so that the character does not commit suicide early in the play. Also, the love affair with Gretchen leads to the dramas climax. References Faust Supplemented Study Guide: Retrieved from World Wide Web http://faculty. southwest. tn. edu/llipinski/ENGL2320T201/content/lesson18_handout. htm Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Faust, Publisher, Oxford University Press, 1998.

Sustainable Development of the ICT Sector

Sustainable Development of the ICT Sector Chapter 7:Conclusion In this last chapter of the dissertation motivation behind the research is discussed and the conclusion of the research is presented. The conclusion is presented by revisiting the research objectives set in first chapter of the dissertation and then, analysing the results obtained, in light of these objectives. As vulnerabilities, exploits and security in information and communication technology is a very vast topic and presenting various type of cyber attacks and their corresponding security measures is beyond the scope of this or any single research. So, the scope of the research study, as conducted by the researcher, is also discussed in this chapter. The chapter ends with the discussion regarding the further scope of the research which can be taken up to enhance the work presented in this research dissertation. 7.1 Research Objectives Revisited In chapter 1 of the research, objectives of the research were stated as follows: To study the sustainable development of ICT sector Analyze effect of penetration level on economy Dependency analysis of other sectors on ICT Growth analysis of vulnerabilities in ICT sector Model to control vulnerabilities and ensure sustainability This section discusses that how well these objectives have been achieved in the research. 7.1.1 Sustainable development of ICT The sustainable development of ICT has been defined in chapter 1 as, continuous and consistent development of information and communication technology to meet the needs of the current as well as future generations. Sustainable development has three facets as economic, social and environmental sustainability. In this research, only two facets of sustainability i.e. economic and social sustainability of ICT sector are studied. The economic sustainability of ICT means that the sector will continue to add substantial economic value globally in terms of GDP value addition and employment opportunities for people. The social sustainability means, continuous use of ICT to enable human development, improvement their living standards, and eliminate social evils such as poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition etc. An efficient use of ICT can facilitate the development of the citizens of the country by providing them much needed information, education to take correct decisions to enable growth. 7.1.2 Effect of penetration rate on economy The most evident value addition that ICT has brought in last three decades has been the positive economic impact that it has on the countries of the world. The counties which had embraced computers and internet in its inception phase are all developed countries today. In this research it has been proved beyond doubt that the economic development of a country is heavily dependent on ICT. Continuous and efficient use of ICT by countries has enabled them to add huge economic value to the GDP. The correlation between the GDP and internet penetration rate across the world has been found to a perfect positive correlation, which means that a country with higher penetration rate would largely have high per capita GDP. High degree of positive correlation between the use of ICT and economy of the country has been established in the research, so if the ICT sector keeps on growing at a constant rate it will generate more income and raise the living standards for the people of the world. Also after realizing this impact of ICT on economy most of the developing countries in the world have started implementing and encouraging use of ICT, and hence the growth in penetration rate of the internet in developing countries and regions of the world have been found to be higher hen there developed counterparts. 7.1.3 Dependence of other sectors on ICT ICT sector has a considerable share in GDP and employment of a country but this is only a partial contribution of its total effect. The actual affect of ICT is much larger as it adds value to all other sectors which contribute to the economy of the country. Hence ICT is adding value to economy in multiple ways. In this research the affect of ICT on other sectors of the economy such as banking and other financial institutions, retail, transportation and logistics, tourism and healthcare sector has been studied. Only the above mentioned five sectors have been studied in this research but ICT has similar influence on all other service sectors of the economy. According to the study in chapter 3 of this dissertation ICT has been found to the enabler for most of the product and process innovations in these other service sectors of the economy. Some of the innovative business models such as e-commerce and online reservations have been deployed in many organizations of the world and these contribution and movement of the traditional world to the virtual world will continue in future and thus lead to sustainable development of ICT. 7.1.4 Growth rate of ICT vulnerabilities The biggest hindrance to the sustainable development of ICT is the growth in vulnerabilities, exploits and cyber attacks. When a user is connected to the internet he also becomes susceptible to these cyber threats. These treats if exploited by a cyber miscreant may lead to more financial loss to an individual or organization then the perceived value addition of using ICT. This disposition of lack of trust is the main reason for sustainable development of ICT not being on the expected lines and its potential is not being fully utilized. To ensure its sustainable development the ICT sector has to constrain these constantly growing cyber threats. In chapter 4 of the research the consistence growth of vulnerabilities has been studied and it has been proved from a global perspective that vulnerabilities have been increasing at the compounded annual growth rate of around 30% annually. 7.1.5 Model to enable sustainable growth of ICT In the final chapters of the research dissertation a specific example of security threat in wireless sensor networks of the future has been studied. The scenario of wireless sensor network has been taken because it is the most commonly implemented wireless ad-hoc network today, and is going to be used extensively in all smart city and Internet of Things projects in future. With these projects in focus the miscreants are likely to use the existing attacks in novel forms to attack them to disturb the functioning of these interconnected and autonomous networks. Sybil attack, which is a serious threat to ad-hoc networks, has been chosen in this research study as it, not only compromises the functioning of sensor network, but also enables and facilitate many other attacks in sensor networks. For example Sybil identities once generated in the network can lead to Black hole attacks, blackmailing attacks, denial of service attacks etc. So the motivation behind this research choice was that if this one attack can be controlled it would lead to reduction in other types of attacks as well. Before suggesting a model to prevent Sybil attacks in wireless sensor networks, the real world data was captured and analysed to establish the existence of these attack in real world. After considerable Sybil attack signatures were identified in the captured data a trust based model for WSN has been suggested in which a server agent or base station is entrusted with the responsibility of authorizing the wireless nodes before participating in the network operations. Using this admission control mechanism the Sybil nodes can be totally prevented in the network and thus lead to more predictable and reliable delivery of data across the network. As discussed in the previous chapter the effectiveness of the proposed model has been defended using the simulation results of the existing and the proposed system. 7.2 Scope of research study As the types of network and their corresponding vulnerabilities are numerous and can’t be studied in a single research. The Sybil attack which is a particularly harmful attack in wireless sensor network has been studied and protection model for the same has been proposed. As discussed in previous section, wireless sensor networks were selected as they are considered as future of ad-hoc networks and Sybil attack was selected because of its capability to facilitate additional attacks in sensor networks. By no means has the researcher wanted to state that other types of network and attacks are not important, in fact as if today, other types of wired and wireless networks are more frequently implemented and warrant considerable research to enable sustainable development of ICT, but WSN are definitely going to be the future of networks and will play an even more important role in times to come in sustainable development of ICT. The scope of a global study is also sometimes restricted by the availability of data for all parameters of study in the global scenario. In this research most of the data used has been global but in case of sectoral study the consistent secondary data for the whole world was not available so the data from European Union has been used to analyse the dependency of other service sectors of the economy on ICT and has been generalised in a global scenario. 7.3 Recommendation for Further Study This research study has a specific focus on Sybil attacks in WSN but there are many other type of attacks and networks which are equally important in sustainable development of ICT. This section of the chapter recommends some further research topics in the area of sustainable ICT development in general and protection against Sybil and other attacks in other type of networks. 7.3.1 Sybil attack in other Categories of WANET In this research Sybil attacks have been studied in context of wireless sensor networks which is one category of wireless ad-hoc network but there are other categories of WANET such as mobile ad-hoc network and vehicular ad-hoc network which are also affected by Sybil attacks and a security model can be developed for protecting these types of networks. The model suggested in this research for WSN cannot be directly applied to the MANET or VANET as centralization is less feasible because of high mobility rate and absence of central command and control centre in form of base station in these networks. In WSN the nodes may or may not be mobile and even when mobility is there it is slow and infrequent, for example in a smart city garbage collection system, a bin would act as a node, but it will move only once or twice during a day, in a wireless sensor network enabled smart home all devices such as television, refrigerator, washing machine and smart phone are connected but the relative movement is infrequent. In case of MANET and VANET the situation is completely different as vehicles will constantly move and same vehicles may never become neighbours again so developing a trust based solution is not possible in such networks and a different model is required for protection. 7.3.2 Other attacks in WANET In this research Sybil attack has been studied but there are many other attacks which also seriously compromise the efficiency of wireless ad-hoc networks. For example denial of service attack can take various forms in different kind of networks and its modus operandi and corresponding defences are different in various kinds of networks. Other attacks which are targeted at WANET and discussed in chapter 5 of this research can be studied and suggestive models can be proposed to defend the WANET from these attacks. Various routing attacks are particularly very annoying in WANET as they negatively affect the routing in an ad-hoc network and lead to packets loss. These routing attacks can be a further topic of research to enable sustainable development of ICT. 7.3.3 New design paradigm for WANET In computational and interconnection theory of computers, security has never been of prime concern. All the effort of a software company is in making the software do the task it is supposed to do and do it as efficiently as possible. In this performance focused approach security is often neglected. When such software is launched in market it carries many vulnerabilities that are exploited by the attackers to compromise the computational system and cause loss to the organization or individuals. In recent years, after realizing the disastrous capability of these output focused programming techniques now the software designers and developer are moving on to more security centric approaches of software development. Similarly, if security is inbuilt in the design of the networks, they will be more immune to the attacks. So, this new design paradigm being used by software development industry can be implemented network design as well. 7.4 Summary In the summary of the conclusion of the research it can be stated that the wireless ad-hoc network being the future of computer networks will be attacked continuously in future. The existing attacks in new forms and new zero day attacks will constantly be discovered by the cyber attackers and it will never be easy for the system administrators to defend their system. The new defence mechanisms will have to be developed to protect our information architecture and ensure the sustainable development of ICT.

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

In the United States a process called Affirmative Action is used to help to overcome the affects of past societal discrimination by granting jobs and resources to members of specific groups, such as minorities and women. The policy was implemented by federal agencies enforcing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and by the Equal Employment Opportunities Act of 1972. While many people believe it is a step in the right direction in stopping employment discrimination, it is taking jobs from qualified persons because they are not of a certain race or gender, in turn doing the same thing that was done to minorities and women for years. I do not support affirmative action for several reasons. This policy would enable two people who apply for a job in an office building for the same position to be judged differently. One applicant is white and the other is black. Only one slot is available. The two applicants have the same exact level of education and work experience. They both have great recommendations and great credentials. According to affirmative action, however, the person of African American origin is automatically better qualified, in an attempt to â€Å"integrate† the work place of higher employment positions. So, in essence, the person of African American heritage is receiving the job only because he is a different race. Now, in the early 1970’s this policy was invented to help put a stop to racial discrimination in the work place, but with this policy you are doing the exact same thing you set out to stop, but to the other race. I do not think it is fair to integrate our work forces at s omeone else’s expense. One specific group of people that do not support the policy is, surprising to most, the Asian-American society. Many Asian Americans, specifically Chinese, Koreans, and Japanese, argue that affirmative action policies ultimately harm them. While these policies exist to help the underrepresented, they claim that they are over represented. Their argument is, therefore, similar to that of the white majority. They state that race-based policies such as affirmative action should be abolished based on the argument that group-based affirmative action hurt individuals. Those against affirmative action claim that eliminating affirmative action would increase the Asian American admission rate. They say that Asian American achievement and integration into American society is a proof that affirmative action programs are no longer needed and they hinder opportunities for "qualified" Asian Americans.

Elie Weisels Night :: essays research papers

Elie Weisel's Night In the book Night, Elie Wiesel, the Author, and his family go through a system of horrible â€Å"Concentration camps,† or labor camps, where they were killed. It all starts when the police make all the Jews stars of David â€Å"For their ‘safety’ †. Then, all of their valuables are taken. After that, they all have to move to ghettos. There were two ghettos, a large and a small, in different parts of town, and in different shapes. Elie and his family had to go to the big one. Then they went to the small ghetto. Every day, some of the Jews have to leave, after forming ranks. They then travel to the synagogue to wait for the train. After being in the synagogue for a day, they march to the train. When they get there, Hungarian police put 80 people in a train car meant for only 30. After a long trip on the train, they arrive at Auschwitz, a brutal labor camp. Then, the SS (Nazi Police) order everyone out of the cars, leaving their stuff behind. After that, Elie and his Father were separated from his mother and sister, and Elie never saw his mother and his sister again. He did this because a man told him to say he was 18, so he wouldn’t be killed. After the â€Å"selection,† all the men had take off the clothes and had to shave and take a dip in gasoline to disinfect them. Then, Dr. Mengele went around check them people for any diseases. All of the people who survived that, including Elie and his Dad had to get tattooed with a number, so they could see who to send out in the shipments, and who to kill. After that, they went to a room with clothes for them to wear, a sort of uniform. Then, they were assigned blocks, in which they would spend the nights. Then, the block leaders told them how the camp worked, and what they would be doing for work. They would be counting parts for radios for the Germans. This happened for a couple months, during which they got 25 strokes of a whip for finding an officer with a girl naked. Then, Elie found himself with an inflamed foot and had to go to the hospital building. Once there, he heard about being killed if you were sick for too long. Elie Weisel's Night :: essays research papers Elie Weisel's Night In the book Night, Elie Wiesel, the Author, and his family go through a system of horrible â€Å"Concentration camps,† or labor camps, where they were killed. It all starts when the police make all the Jews stars of David â€Å"For their ‘safety’ †. Then, all of their valuables are taken. After that, they all have to move to ghettos. There were two ghettos, a large and a small, in different parts of town, and in different shapes. Elie and his family had to go to the big one. Then they went to the small ghetto. Every day, some of the Jews have to leave, after forming ranks. They then travel to the synagogue to wait for the train. After being in the synagogue for a day, they march to the train. When they get there, Hungarian police put 80 people in a train car meant for only 30. After a long trip on the train, they arrive at Auschwitz, a brutal labor camp. Then, the SS (Nazi Police) order everyone out of the cars, leaving their stuff behind. After that, Elie and his Father were separated from his mother and sister, and Elie never saw his mother and his sister again. He did this because a man told him to say he was 18, so he wouldn’t be killed. After the â€Å"selection,† all the men had take off the clothes and had to shave and take a dip in gasoline to disinfect them. Then, Dr. Mengele went around check them people for any diseases. All of the people who survived that, including Elie and his Dad had to get tattooed with a number, so they could see who to send out in the shipments, and who to kill. After that, they went to a room with clothes for them to wear, a sort of uniform. Then, they were assigned blocks, in which they would spend the nights. Then, the block leaders told them how the camp worked, and what they would be doing for work. They would be counting parts for radios for the Germans. This happened for a couple months, during which they got 25 strokes of a whip for finding an officer with a girl naked. Then, Elie found himself with an inflamed foot and had to go to the hospital building. Once there, he heard about being killed if you were sick for too long.

A View From The Bridge by Arthur Miller Essay example -- View From Bri

A View From The Bridge by Arthur Miller Alfieri is a lawyer who works for the Sicilian community in Brooklyn. He opens the play with a very exposing account of what life used to be like and is like in that particular community. The audience knows from that speech everything about Alfieri and about the community in Red Hook. He launches into graphic detail about past bandits and murders and about how justice is very important to the Italians. The community is the 'gullet of New York, ´ which is 'swallowing the tonnage of the world. ´ This sentence is quite ironic since Red Hook is a fishing town and tonnage is another word for cargo. Alfieri speaks as though Red Hook has swallowed up all the complications of the world and is now reduced to a slum. This creates a vivid mental picture and therefore invents the ideal environment for tragic goings on. Alfieri also utters an intriguing statement, 'now we settle for half. ´ This proclamation gives the impression that in this Italian community pride and justice is fierce and that no one will settle for half of what they believe is right. Alfieri makes this statement in the past tense leaving the question did the events that Alfieri witness determine whether people settle for half. He also wonders if there is another unfortunate lawyer sitting back, unable to do anything as the events, 'run their bloody course. ´ The indirect reference to blood creates another question about whether blood will be shed, considering the Italian community has a reputation to fight to the death. Alfieri is essential to the structure of the play as he opens and closes the play. I believe that he is Arthur Miller's mouthpiece and he moves the action that Miller has once witnessed. Edd... ... not. If Eddie had managed to get Catherine, it would have been unnatural and ridiculous. Beatrice notices the relationship but her unwillingness to speak out makes her part of the problem. The reason why Eddie betrayed his wife ´s cousins is that he loved Catherine so much. However, even Eddie Carbone could not stand in the way of fate. Rodolpho and Catherine were meant to be together and no amount of vigorous and passionate arguing could stop fate from running its natural course. The doom in this play starts at the very beginning with Eddie ´s outward and awkward feeling for Catherine, when he claims her as his own. The prospect of dooms mounts as the play goes on, but the main factor is that the play is about incestuous love, jealousy and betrayal. When these are combined with an underprivileged, passionate Italian way of life, the results are harsh.

Bill of Rights Assignment

I started my assignment by really reading over the Bill of Rights and thinking really hard. It occurred to me that this was going to be a very tough assignment. Though I don’t think that a lot of the Amendments are upheld much anymore, such as freedom of speech, I could not think of any that needed to be removed or changed. So I started thinking about things that I thought should be added. It came to my attention that I shouldn’t try of think of things that should be added because of personal reasoning, but instead, things that seem to be aggravating a lot of people nowadays. I came up with three. The first thing I thought really needed to be added to the Bill of Rights was the right to marry any person of your choosing. Now I know that gay marriage is a really touchy subject for a lot of people but I feel like if you love someone it shouldn’t matter what gender they are. It seems to me that the only problem that there is with gay marriage being passed everywhere is that the churches do not allow it. Thomas Jefferson once sent a letter to the Danbury Baptist in 1802 stating â€Å"†¦ I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should ‘make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,' thus building a wall of separation between Church & State†. I do not believe that the states should not grant people the right to marry whom they please simply because it is considered an abomination in the church. This is the 21st century and there are so many religions, people following so many different ones and then there are also people, like myself, that do not believe in a â€Å"God† or â€Å"Creator† or whatever you want to call it. Gay marriage is a choice just as big as a man and woman marrying and if two people make that decision they should be allowed to make it official. The second thing I came up with for the Bill of Rights is the right to not have to pay for illegal immigrant’s welfare or jailing via state or federal taxes. Are country is in a $14,136,022,715,367 deficit, approximately as of 2/2/11. It does not seem far that some of our money is going into paying for illegal aliens to be jumping the border and living off welfare or being imprisoned and we end up having to pay for them to stay in our prisons and keeping them alive and such. I feel that if a person does not have a green card or was not born into this country by someone who is a legal citizen, they should not be here, making money off us when our country is having a bad enough problem dealing with our own money issues. I’m no expert on finances or on morality but it just seems like it should be every person’s right to not have to pay for people who are in our country illegally. There is an astonishing amount of aliens in our country that live here and manage to con our government out of thousands if not millions of our hard earned money. And lastly, the third thing I could think of that should be in the Bill of Rights is our right to medical care. There are so many people in our country dying every day because they could not receive medical care because of lack of funds. I was recently almost added to the number of people without medical care. I have two kids, live in Connecticut, and my kids are currently temporarily living with their grandparents. Was forced into homelessness due to the economy’s lack of job availability in my area and had to make the decision to either bring myself and my children to a homeless shelter or let them go live with family while I went to a homeless shelter or a friend’s. When staying at a friend’s house didn’t work, I moved back in with my father and the state of Connecticut threatened to shut off my welfare. They shut off my food stamps because I’m living with my father and are under 22 and almost shut off my health insurance due to the same reasoning. Now, unlike a lot of people out there, I’m lucky in the fact that I don’t have a life threatening disease. But I still require doctor attention unless I want to end up either in a wheelchair, which without money; I wouldn’t be able to afford one and would have to second hand which is never a guaranteed thing. But the fact that our country can afford to be helping people in Africa, Haiti, everywhere around the world with disease but cannot afford to make it a constitutional right for its own citizens to receive medical care is just unacceptable. It seems to me that our country is more worried about everyone else’s health but its own. I think it’s time that they look at ours and make it a constitutional right. In conclusion, I have personal found that there is three things that our country absolutely needs in its Bill of Rights. As I’ve said, I’m no expert in any way possible, but I feel that if these three things were added, we could be even just a little more well off: The right to medical care; the right to not have to pay money via taxes for aliens; and the right to marry whom we please, regardless of gender. I know that there are many people out there that would not agree with me on these, but as the assignment was to write what I thought should be added, edited, or removed, these are my ideas. Hope you enjoyed reading.Reference http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9806/danpre.html

Financial worksheet assignment Essay

Controlling When a financial manager makes sure that every department in the organization is following the plans that have been set. When viewing feedback reports from 8 months ago in comparison to those written 2 weeks ago week the manager was able to see that more money was being spent on man hours in her department even though patient flow had actually decreased. By this valuation she realized she needs to adjust employees work schedules and do some changing around where they could be better utilized. Decision  making When the financial manager chooses one of the options among the available alternatives. When opting to update their facility Dr. X and Dr. Y spent several months researching information on new resources and services that their community could benefit. They viewed health reports, statistics, and evaluated what would be most useful and bring in the most revenue for their facility. After analyzing, they realized that their community needed more radiology equipment and persona. They decided to focus on establishing a radiology department during their expansion. Organizing When the financial manager determines how to use the resources of the organization to adequately carry out the plans that had been established. After analyzing the current resources, the organization decided that the funds were limited and if the expansion were going to be possible they would have to have a thorough plan as to where they could benefit the most. They organized reports and statistic information to present to the board for review. Planning To analyze objects then identify the steps required to accomplish them. To open a new radiology department in their facility, the first thing is they had to determine how much it would cost in man hours, resources, and construction. They constituted a budget for supplies, construction, employees and their training, and then to determine a goal for their launch date. Original  records Provide confirmation that an event has occurred.

Declining Educational Standards In Karachi Pakistan Education Essay

The cause of this probe was to place the chief grounds which decline the educational criterions at secondary degree in Karachi, Pakistan. The population of the survey was both â€Å" authorities and private † schools pupils and instructors. The positions of male and female pupils and instructors were sought out. Majority of the respondents had the position that the bing uneffective course of study and rating system are the chief grounds of worsening educational criterions at secondary degree in Karachi, Pakistan. Many of the respondents stated that imperfect disposal along with bad review system became its grounds. Short figure of respondent opinioned that improper wellness installations, deficiency of co-curricular activities and outmoded learning methods caused the sub standard instruction.IntroductionThe instruction is going one of the specifying endeavors of the twenty-first century with the outgrowth of globalisation and increasing planetary competition. Pakistan is deter mined to react positively to emerging demands, chances and challenges of globalisation. Education is being considered a cardinal to alter and come on. Advancement and prosperity of the state depends on the sort of instruction that is provided to the people. This survey was designed to explicate and foreground the criterions of instruction at secondary degree in Karachi. Educational criterions present standards by which judgements can be made by province and local school forces and communities, assisting them to make up one's mind which course of study, Torahs of disposal, wellness plan, staff development activity and assessment plan is appropriate. Educational criterions promote policies that will convey coordination, consistence, and coherency to the betterment of the procedure of instruction. They allow everyone to travel in the same way, with the confidence that the hazards they take in the name of bettering instruction will be supported by policies and patterns throughout the sy stem. Performance criterions describe what degree of public presentation is good plenty for pupils to be described as advanced, proficient, below basic, or by some other public presentation degree. Normally educational criterion stands for quality of instruction. Quality has been the end of an ageless pursuit through the corridors of human history. It has been the divining force of all human enterprises. Educational criterions of Pakistan have been a burning issue among the educationists since independency. Every member of the society has its ain positions concern the educational criterions in Pakistan. Although, every authorities tried its best to raise the criterions of instruction but their attempts were chiefly limited to fixing merely educational policies in documents. We could non happen practical execution of their recommendations sing criterions of instruction in Pakistan. In the more huge sense a criterion is any thing used to mensurate, for illustration a criterion of behavior, a criterion of weight or length. Actually a criterion is a thing which has been used as a theoretical account to which objects or actions may be compared. The criterion of instruction is define d in Encyclopedia of Education ( 1985 ) in the undermentioned sense:â€Å" In the instruction context, so, criterions should be regarded as aims to be achieved or outlooks of desirable attitude or degrees of public presentation † .[ 1 ]Research Questions:Why the Karachi Secondary instruction declined? What the grounds behind the worsening criterion of secondary instruction in Karachi? What are the solution which can raise the criterion of secondary instruction in Karachi?Aims of the survey( I ) To specify the existent significance of educational criterions. ( two ) To analyse the positions and sentiment of pupils and instructors about-the chief grounds of worsening educational criterions at secondary degree in Karachi. ( three ) To give suggestions and recommendation for bettering the educational criterions at secondary degree.Methodology:This survey depended on quantitative Secondary research, we analysing the information which is already available in records. The intent is to determine the overall public presentation of the authorities and private secondary schools sing standard instruction provided by them.Consequences:The collected information was converted into tabular arraies. Findingss and decisions were drawn in the visible radiation of these tabular arraies by the research workers. Table 1. The thoughts and positions of authorities secondary schools male and female pupils sing the chief grounds of worsening educational criterions at secondary degree in Karachi[ 2 ].S.NoDescriptionMale( Agree ) ( % )Male( Disagree ) ( % )Female( Agree ) ( % )Female( Disagree ) ( % )1 Defective disposal 70 30 90 10 2 Inflexible course of study 80 20 80 20 3 Ineffective rating system 65 35 60 40 4 Imperfect review system 70 30 55 45 5 Improper wellness installations 45 55 55 45 6 Lack of co-curricular activities 55 45 45 55 7 Outdated instruction methods 95 05 90 10 8 Inaccessibility of scholarships 45 55 30 70 Table 2[ 3 ]. Private secondary schools studentaˆYs positions about the causes of low standard instruction at secondary degree in Karachi were highlighted.S.NoDescriptionMale( Agree ) ( % )Male( Disagree ) ( % )Female( Agree ) ( % )Female( Disagree ) ( % )1 Defective disposal 60 40 70 30 2 Inflexible course of study 65 35 85 15 3 Ineffective rating system 75 25 70 30 4 Imperfect review system 65 35 90 10 5 Improper wellness installations 40 60 50 50 6 Lack of co-curricular activities 30 70 45 55 7 Outdated instruction methods 95 05 95 05 8 Inaccessibility of scholarships 45 55 35 65 Table 3.[ 4 ]The positions of instructors belonging to authorities secondary schools about the chief grounds of worsening criterion of instruction at secondary degree in Karachi are stated.S.NoDescriptionMale( Agree ) ( % )Male( Disagree ) ( % )Female( Agree ) ( % )Female( Disagree ) ( % )1 Defective disposal 60 40 40 60 2 Inflexible course of study 80 20 80 20 3 Ineffective rating system 60 40 40 60 4 Imperfect review system 80 20 60 40 5 Improper wellness installations 40 60 60 40 6 Lack of co-curricular activities 40 60 40 60 7 Outdated instruction methods 60 40 60 40 8 Inaccessibility of scholarships 40 60 20 80The Role and Appointment of TeachersThe quality of instructors, which is a cardinal factor in any instruction system, is hapless in Pakistan. The chief ground is the low degree of educational makings required to go a primary school instructor ; which includes ten old ages of schooling and an eleven-month certification plan. It has been established through assorted surveies that pupil accomplishment is closely related to the figure of old ages of formal schooling of instructors. Therefore, pupils of instructors with 12 old ages of schooling perform better than pupils of matriculate ( 10 old ages instruction ) instructors, who in bend perform better than pupils of instructors with merely grade eightqualifications. The 2nd factor relates to the quality of instructor enfranchisement plans, which suffersfrom the deficiency of adequately trained maestro trainers, small accent on learning pattern and non-existence of a proper support/monitoring system for instructors. In the absence of an y commissioned organic structure to attest instructors, the mere acquisition of a certificate/diploma is considered sufficient to use for a teaching place. In add-on, teacher assignment in schools is capable to interference from local involvement groups seeking to topographic point instructors of their pick within their constituency. This has opened the system to graft and lease seeking taking to high degrees of instructor absenteeism accentuated by the absence of an effectual supervising system. The assignment of instructors particularly in primary schools is capable to the political influence or paying immense money.Training for Government Teachers[ 5 ]The disposal of teacher preparation in Pakistan is a provincial duty. However, the course of study wing at the federal degree is besides responsible for teacher instruction institutions.Government primary school instructors are trained through Government Colleges for Elementary Teachers ( GCETs ) , the distance instruction plan of t he Allama Iqbal Open University ( AIOU ) , and teacher preparation classs run in secondary schools known as Normal Schools or PTC units. Alumnuss of these establishments are taught a similar course of study, and receive the Primary Teaching Certificate ( PTC ) or Certificate in Teaching ( CT ) at the terminal of one twelvemonth. Generally, the figure of appliers is far greater than the figure of topographic points available. There is besides an acute deficit of instructor preparation installations, peculiarly for female instructors in certain parts and particularly in the state of Balochistan.Private School TeachersThe quality of instruction imparted by the bulk of private schools is questionable owing to an acute famine of decently trained and qualified instructors, and any sort of support mechanism for these instructors. Except for big school systems like Beaconhouse, City, Lahore Grammar, and others, which constitute a little per centum of the bing private schools the bulk of oth ers have appointed instructors who are qualified up to intercede ( 12 old ages of schooling ) or BA degree ( 14 old ages of instruction ) , and are paid much lower wages compared to their opposite numbers in the authorities sector in add-on to no occupation security. The big schools and school systems have instituted their ain instructor preparation plans or entree specialised private establishments. There is less disposition in these schools to engaging instructors who have antecedently been trained by authorities establishments and hold grades in B. Ed or M. Ed ; their penchant is for those fluid in English linguistic communication. Therefore, really few instructors hired by the private schools have had any pre-service preparation. Thereis a felt demand to heighten the professional accomplishments of those who are presently working through assorted inset plans.DiscussionEducation is a powerful tool and cardinal force in the life of adult male. Deepak ( 2006 ) stated that instructi on plays an instructional function in determining the fate of the person and the hereafter of world. SEAMEO-Jasper Research Award ( 2009 ) further clears that instruction provides chances to get cognition and competences to work in a planetary environment. The end of constructing a cohesive, just and harmonious community, bound together in solidarity for deeper apprehension and cooperation, presents new challenges for bookmans and instruction practicians in geting new constructs and advanced theoretical accounts for effectual instruction and acquisition. The criterion of instruction is direct effect and result of the quality of instructors and learning methods used by them. Society believes that competent, effectual instructors are of import keys to a strong system of instruction. Consequently, instructors are expected to be adept in the usage of instructional engineerings and category room direction techniques. They are besides expected to hold a thorough apprehension of the develo pmental degrees of their pupils and a societal group of the content they teach. To keep and widen this high degree of accomplishments, instructors are expected to be informed of model patterns and to show a devise for professional development. Teacher competence and effectivity includes the duty to assist all scholars win. Sing criterions Seth ( 1970 ) stated that we have provided more and more money to more and more of that we may be making ill. We hope that we could make it better. Educationists of international differentiation have suggested that it will be possible merely by developing suited course of study and using educational engineerings to do the course of study more effectual and the school more efficient. Jalala ( 2004 ) said that on the footing of wide aims, course of study planning should be done and suited capable content, behavioural results and other acquisition experiences be put in for doing curriculum comprehensive. It should be based on the findings of course of study research and be enriched by interdisciplinary coaction among experts on different topics. All this would lend to the design of a entire school course of study that is complementary every bit good as comprehensive. In Pakistan quality instruction has marked a clear line of favoritism on fiscal evidences, and more well, it is beyond the range of many pupils. Muhammad ( 2009 ) declared that the saddening and deteriorating status of educational system in the state raises many fingers on instruction section, whose representatives, so confidently, sing vocals of success in every of their visual aspect. There is no answerability of the typical landlord civilization, which is traveling on in bulk of the countryaˆYs establishments. If authorities purposes to make the sky of standard instruction and to supply it at doorsill of every Pakistani, it should maintain its eyes unfastened, as the written records and work in advancement in the edifices named schools, are non in any convinc ing or absorbing place. Particularly for the betterment of criterion at secondary degree instruction sufficient stairss should be taken, because secondary instruction is linking nexus between primary and high instruction as Srivastara ( 2005 ) stated that secondary instruction is frequently considered as the most of import section of the single acquisition. Harmonizing to Water and McFadden ( 2003 ) secondary school is a topographic point where much complex interaction takes topographic point that has a important impact on the individuality formation of immature people and the consequent success in big life. Education is the basic right of every person in the society but unluckily, educational criterions in Pakistan are worsening fastly. One of the most of import factors in criterions of instruction is good rating system. Evaluation plays a great function in the accomplishments and acquisition of single. Particularly it can be helpful for instructors to analyse as Lal ( 2005 ) stated that rating help the instructors to better his schoolroom processs and methods of learning in the visible radiation of provender back. Unfortunately in Pakistan imperfect rating system besides devalue the criterions of instruction in schools.Recommendation( I ) The course of study of secondary degree should be improved harmonizing to the demands of clip and wants of the society. ( two ) Introduce high quality choice process for secondary degree instructors and offer the campaigners better inducements. ( three ) The disposal of school should be effectual and efficient. It should maintain democratic attack. ( four ) The rating system at secondary degree should be organized and modern techniques must be used to measure the abilities of a kid. ( V ) There should non be political intervention in educational establishments. ( six ) All secondary authorities and private schools should be allocated with proper wellness installations ( neat and clean and harmonizing to the wellness rules nutrient and handiness of physician or a nurse in the schools ) . ( seven ) The lone trained instructors should be appointed in schools. ( eight ) The secondary school instructors should utilize modern learning methods harmonizing to the age and psychological demands of pupils. ( nine ) There should be chances provided to the pupils for take parting in different co-curricular activities. ( ten ) The procedure of review should be done in proper and democratic manner and the construct of favours should be out of this procedure. ( eleven ) The scholarships should be provided to meriting and intelligent pupils at secondary degree in schools. ( twelve ) Various squads of experts should be involved in executing the above mentioned undertaking of betterment and formation.DecisionAfter analysing the consequences it can be easy concluded that uneffective disposal, non flexible course of study and outdated learning methods used by instructors are the chief grounds of worsening educational criterions at secondary degree. We may state that to some extent the imperfect rating system and bad review involved in this impairment. Improper wellness installations, political intervention, missing of co-curricular activities, non handiness of scholarships are besides some of the factors which destroy criterions of instruction at secondary degree in Karachi.REFFERNCESSpaulding S ( 1970 ) . The record is so impressive, UNESCO Department Publications. Jalala KC ( 2004 ) . Rao Digmarti, Methods of Teaching Educational Technology, Discovery Publishing House. Tiwari D ( 2006 ) . Methods of Teaching Education, Crescent Publishing Corporation. International Encyclopedia of Education, Ref. LB 1569, 1985, 10 Volumes. SEAMEO-Jasper Research Award ( 2009 ) . Annual Report. Subject: â€Å" TeachersaˆY Professional Development in Southeast Asia † . Jalalzai MK ( 2005 ) . The Crisis of Education in Pakistan, State Policies and Textbooks, Al-Abbas international Publications Lahore. Mukhopadhyay M ( 2005 ) . Entire Quality Management in Education, Sage-Publications. JavaScript ( narrative print ) ( 2004 ) . Published on 21st September, Available at World Wide Web. Edweek. Org/rc/issues/standards. Accessed 05 -08-2009. Aslam P ( 2005 ) . Policies and Policy Formation, National Foundation, Lahore. Srivastara DS ( 2005 ) Secondary Education, Mehra Offset Press. Lal JP ( 2005 ) Educational Measurement and Evaluation, Anmol Publications PVT LTD.

Enhancing Customer Satisfaction with the Implementation of Total Quality Management

Mehra and Ranganathan (2008) reported that in 1979, Crosby gave 14 steps for quality improvement his work was supported by the work of another researcher, Ishikawa who stated that training, problem solving, and quality circles are very crucial ways of achieving continuous improvement. The researchers also spoke about the work of Deming with his contribution of giving 14principles that has become the foundation of TQM and acknowledged Juran for identifying the three basic functions of a quality management process which are planning, organization, and control. To Juran these functions of quality management process are different levels in any programs for quality improvement. TQM and customer orientation It has been observe that only those business organizations that pay attention to the need of their customers and make efforts to meet those needs become successful. Naturally, customers have their perceived expectations of quality of products or service they want from businesses they patronize and when they get satisfied they stay, else they leave for somewhere else. This is traceable to why customer satisfaction receives much attention and emphasis in the field of marketing. Researchers studied the profit of 472 restaurants and their results showed that data collected about customer satisfaction rate at a time has a direct impact on the profit margin of an organization nine months thereafter and concluded that quality as perceived by customer is what determines return on investment of any company( Mehra and Ranganathan 2008). It is therefore very important for organizations to focus on customer satisfaction so as to build a long lasting relationship with them. Customer satisfaction was not given much emphasis in the past but these days with intense competition in the global market, Organizations have come to realize its importance to as to maintain their stance in the market. Now, they know well that customer satisfaction will lead to customer retention and profits improvements. Scholars stated opined that the chances of customer leaving an organization due to poor products or services quality would definitely be reduced when customer satisfaction is achieved by a company ( Mehra and Ranganathan 2008). Agus et al. 2000) established that a successful implementation of TQM by a company will enhance its customer satisfaction and lead to financial performance. Goldman (2005), stated for an organization to remain competitive , it must identify its customers’ needs and find a way of building them into the products and services designs and development. Some researchers share the believe that in order for a company to satisfy its customer, their needs must be identified and incorporated into the design and development of appropriate product or service ( Spring et al. 998). Chan et al. (2001) report that quality function deployment is one appropriate TQM techniques that is a customer oriented approach and translates the voices of customers into the design features of products and services. This technique has three objectives which are to identify the customer, what he wants and find ways of fulfilling those wants. Researchers stresses that QFD methodology works by relating customer requirements with the design features (Govers 2001) Researchers emphasize a company need of its customer loyalty, stressed that a company would retain its customers if only a higher level of service than those of its competitors is achieved (Alomaim, 2003). The measurement of quality is dependent on meeting the expectations and requirements of customer the first time and at every other time. The federal Quality Institute (FQI) states that â€Å"TQM is a comprehensive, customer-focused system that many organizations are adopting to improve the quality of their products and services† (Alomaim et al. 2003). Alomaim et al. 2003) stated that TQM is management at all levels in an organization with the objective of customer satisfaction. They went further to state the largest percentage of scores for this award. TQM in Services. Mehra and Ranganathan (2008) established that TQM has a wide application in the industry of health care to enhance customer satisfaction after they reviewed the work of Ingram and Chung (1997) who reported tha t successful adoption of TQM programs has led to maximally satisfied customers. Hasin et al. (2001) affirmed that hospitals have engaged TQM principles as a weapon to gain competitive advantage. Researcher conducted a study to investigate success factors that are critical to TQM programs among corporations in US by surveying literatures (Dayton 2003). This effort led to his discovery of ten TQM success factors that are critical which includes orientation of customer satisfaction , quality improvement measurement, planning operational quality, customer and people management, management of external interface, improvement information communication, structures that facilitate team work, strategic partnership with suppliers and organizational culture of quality. The cue for these factors was taken from Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. According to the results of the findings, it was revealed that quality management and organizational culture of quality as TQM most important success factors as it relate to organizational performance. These research efforts found support in the work of Sit et al. (2009) that highlighted six core TQM practices that is acceptable by award models for quality like European Excellence Model and Quality Award and MBNQA through reviewing of literatures on TQM practices. These six TQM core practices are human resources focus, strategic planning, information analysis, customer focus, leadership and process management. TQM in Manufacturing. Scholars studied the Australia manufacturing industries to examine the impacts of TQM programs on their operational performance and reported that application of TQM in an organization helps to achieve success in relationships among employee, customer satisfaction and performance in business ( Terziovski and Samson 1999). To support this view another researcher reported that Malaysian manufacturing industries enhance their financial performance by engaging TQM programs and traced this performance to their achievement of customer satisfaction (Agus et al. , 2000). It should be acknowledged that when organizations successfully implement TQM, the result is that high level of customer satisfaction and improved financial performance would be achieved. This stated fact finds supports from literatures on TQM and customer satisfaction. Mehra et al. (2001) strongly mphasized that customer focus play an important role towards implementing TQM and established that TQM is customer –oriented. They also affirmed that customer satisfaction and customer loyalty are important elements for organizations that possess the value of customer focus. Attempting to further stress the necessity of engaging TQM to improve customer focus, suggested that organizations must pay serious attention to customer satisfaction. Researchers established that literatures abounds that mention customer focus and suggested that definition of TQM in the future should give customer focus its rightful place (Mehra et al. 001). Chien et al. (2002) state categorically that a strong relationship exists between the customer satisfaction level a company can achieve and its commitment to TQM practices which determines its performance. Other researcher believed that there is need for further research that presents the TQM relationship with customer relations ( Kaynak 2003). The impacts of the practices of TQM on customer satisfaction have been examined by many researchers and its wide applications in manufacturing and service industries alike have been reported. TQM and cultural differences. Researcher contested that cultural differences among industry types and across nations will vary the applicability of quality programs ( Dawson 1995). In the author opinion, TQM has a strong inclination in the culture of Japanese which makes its adoption not applicable universally. He therefore suggests that businesses and nations that will adopt TQM should conduct studies on examining how it could be adapted to their cultures. This view finds support in the work of other researchers who express their believe that TQM is neither effective nor fit for business environment that involves multiple cultures. Some other scholars doubt that TQM is effective in service industries because of the uniqueness of this industry in that their product is not visible. These concerns made Mehra and Ranganatha ( 2008) to undertake a study in the literature of TQM and customer satisfaction. Based on the results of their findings, they affirmed that implementation of TQM programs in an organization improves customer satisfaction. They rejected the argument that the only culture where TQM programs will succeed is collectivistic and also established that TQM programs will succeed in both collectivistic and individualistic cultures and across business types and national cultures. The result of their research made them to redefine TQM â€Å"as a management strategy that, with sound design and successful implementation can be adopted to enhance customer satisfaction through a concerted focus on customer and that this strategy is equally applicable to both service and manufacturing businesses operating in varied global cultures. For managers with kin interest on successfully adopting TQM implementation, they suggested 3 action plans; develop unique skills for identifying customers’ needs in their workforce, train their employees to understand global market competitions and global customer, and train specific personnel on ways of determining the customer satisfaction level at sensitive and throughout the contact points that are major. Mehra et al. 2001) and kaynak (2003) stressed that there is need for research that examines the impact of TQM programs on performance of an organization. Researchers are of the opinion that there is need for studies that will investigate the relationship between organization performance and TQM practices. This view finds support from Yasin et al. (2004) who expressed their concern for the rare nature study reports that relates performance of an organization to its improvements efforts on quality. TQM and Human resources. Researcher examines in an empirical study the role of human resource management practices towards implementing TQM within the advanced technology companies and the results of their findings was that the practices of HRM impacts significantly on customer satisfaction (Yang 2006). Many business organizations have place strong emphasis on customer satisfaction as they believe it would help them to increase productivity and ultimately profitability. Yang (2006) argued that company must put structures in place for customer satisfaction management and that company need employees to maintain such structures. Other researchers carry out an investigation on the relationship between the role of HRM and client satisfaction in the health industry (Ott and van Dijk 2005). Their study explored activities of HRM such as employee involvement, transparent management, plan for personal development, on the job training, supportive management style. They found that the manager’ management style nfluences the employee satisfaction. When Sit et al. (2009) reviewed the work of Adsit et al. (1996) that examines the association that exist between customer satisfaction, employee attitude and performance evaluation. They reported that employee attitude have a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction which made them to conclude that human resource focus induced customer satisfaction. It is rather unfortunate that literatures of studies on the relationships between customer satisfaction and Organization’s vision are rare. Kantabutra and Avery, 2007) affirmed that what is found is a casual link of customer and employee satisfaction with the organizational vision. To this effect, these researchers embarked on an empirical study to investigate how organization’s vision affect customer and employee satisfaction in retails stores in Thai. The research findings revealed that organization’s vision, employee satisfaction, communication, motivation and empowerment enhanced customer satisfaction. Based on the findings of their result, It was established that vision significantly enhances customer satisfaction. Sit et al. (2009) carried out a research study to examine the relationships customer satisfaction and TQM practices based on the perception of managers in the service organizations that are TQM certified in Malaysia. They reported that TQM enhances customer satisfaction and went ahead to establish customer focus, human resources, leadership and information and analysis as critical success factor of TQM practices and that they induce customer satisfaction. It was revealed in their findings that human resources and information and analysis were TQM dominant practices because they have close relationship with Customer focus within the service organizations under consideration. Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: (Bennette and Rundle-Thiele 2004) conducted an empirical study to examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty of customers. The researchers work took premise from the previous literatures on the subject. They reported that out That four biggest bank in Australia ecorded customers’ dissatisfaction percentage of about 23-32 percent and they are among the nation’s six top companies that is public. It was surprising that their performance was not affected as they posted large profits. They found that customers still patronized these banks even though they were dissatisfied which made them to argue that customer loyalty and organization performance does not depend solely on the single factor of customer satisfaction even though this go against the popular opinion that abound in the literatures that satisfaction is what leads to the attitude of loyalty often display by customers. They established that these customers were simply loyal. While public relations make every effort to convince the public that customer satisfaction is necessary for customer retention, these researchers discovered from the literatures that in 2003, the Bank of America earnings reports that customer satisfaction level of 14 percent constitutes 5. 3 percent of its customers. The question then remains, what is the satisfaction level experienced by other 94. perfect? This further proved that customer satisfaction does not necessarily leads to customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction has become a factor that is of high significance to business organizations and marketers alike especially in the service industries. Organizations because of so much emphasis that is place on this subject often see it as the ultimate in order to sustain the stiff competition in the global business environment. It is believed that customer satisfaction will help companies to retain their customers so as to maintain their market share and ultimately achieve organizational performance. The researchers surveyed a sample of 267 businesses and investigated their satisfaction level and attitude of loyalty to the services of an advertising company(Bennette and Rundle-Thiele 2004). The result of their findings revealed that loyalty that is of high level do not in all cases due to high levels of customer satisfaction. They went further to stress that customers often stick to a particular company, not because they enjoy the quality of its services and concluded that while customer satisfaction will remain the core of any organizational performance, it should not be the only goal (Bennette and Rundle-Thiele 2004). They pointed that attitudinal loyalty which customers sometimes display is another factor that enhances the performance of an organization. Given that they have considered attitude of customers to be critical success factor to business performance, it would be necessary to consider the impact of employee satisfaction on customer satisfaction. This view find support from the work of scholar (Oakland 2003) who opined that performance as perceived by the customer will always be the core of TQM model but it need not be limited to this and there should be an extension of it to other stakeholders’ performance measures. Other researchers gave their suggestions for the need of further empirical researches that would examine the impacts of quality improvement efforts on organizational performance (Yasin et al. 2004, p. 45).