Detonation, Pre-Ignition, and Engine Knocking

Detonation — generally caused by fuel with a low octane rating — is the tendency for the fuel to pre-ignite or auto-ignite in an engines combustion chamber. This early (before the spark plug fires) ignition of fuel creates a shock wave throughout the cylinder as the burning and expanding fuel-air mixture collides with the piston that is still traveling towards top-dead-center. The resulting knock or ping is the sound of the pistons slamming against the cylinder walls. The effects of detonation may be anywhere from arbitrary to severe. Prolonged and intense knocking can break the piston or the engine, though it is can also endure this slight issue for thousands of miles. Similarly, overheating may cause additional wear-and-tear on the engine, be relatively harmless or cause the engine to catch on fire and break. Common Causes of  Detonation Detonation is most often caused by the use of low-grade engine fuel and its resulting deterioration of your engines parts. However, chamber design plays a key role in determining when and if an engine might detonate unexpectedly. The shape, size, spark location and geometry of the design all help determine where these detonations are likely to occur. An overheated spark plug tip can also cause pre-ignition. This may cause a pinging to occur in your vehicle when driving down a highway, but can actually be sustained in the engine for thousands of miles. If you hear a metallic clicking sound while driving long distances, you should consult your mechanic and see if your  spark plug needs to be replaced. Common Effects Detonation can cause three types of engine failure depending on source and severity: abrasion, mechanical damage and overheating. Mechanical damage happens because the heightened impact of nature can cause parts of the internal combustion engine to fracture. This can especially affect the top or second piston ring land or even the exhaust or intake valves. In  abrasion, the piston head is slowly eroded, creating a microscopic swiss-cheese effect on its surface resulting in less efficiency and eventual breakdown. Overheating, though, is a more serious issue which acts almost like a snowball effect once it starts. Caused by the boundary gas layer getting interrupted against the cylinder head and heat transferring to the coolant via the cylinder head, this overheating of the engine will continue to happen as temperatures increase causing more detonation.   Common Solutions Fortunately, there are a number of solutions to pre-ignition. The best solution is obviously to see your mechanic about the issue, but if you have experience in engine repair, you may also look to the following methods to reduce the chances of engine detonation. Switching to a higher octane fuel in order to reduce the heat of the firing chamber and burn fuel more slowly is the best way to combat false firing. Similarly, reducing engine inlet air temperatures will greatly reduce the chance of pre-ignition and detonation. As a principle, for every 10 degrees cooler the inlet air is, it produces one percent more power. Adjusting engine timing may also help solve this issue. If your engine is firing during throttle at low engine speeds, you may need to adjust the timing two to three degrees.

We live in a society today that says that image is...

We live in a society today that says that image is important. The messages that the movies, music videos, and magazines gives us about what beauty is suppose to look like can be very demanding. From the super thin models to the long weaves and big bootys. Societys view of beauty is especially hard for the women of today, we are constantly being told that beauty is being thin and never being told to be happy with who we are. The way we are suppose to look can cause a heavy burden on some peoples lives thus causing some people to develop an eating disorder. An eating disorder is defined as a group of serious conditions in which you are preoccupied with food and weight that your rarely focus on anything else (www.mayoclinic.org). The most†¦show more content†¦People with this disorder have a fear of gaining weight even when they are underweight. They have a tendency of dieting all the time or exercising for long periods of time. The exact cause for anorexia is unknown because i t is different for each indiviual but some of the reasons can be genes, hormones and social attitudes towards body types. Anorexia is known to hit females in their pre teen to teenage years and can affects them all the way into young adulthood. It is mainly common among women but their have been cases of this disorder in men. It is also commonly found in caucasion women that are high achievers in school and have goal oriented families (www.nlm.nih.gov). Symptoms of this disorder also include a fear of gaining weight or getting fat, not having a period for more than three cycles in women, having a distored image of what their body looks like. They tend to limit the amount of food that they eat and they may make themsleves throw it back up or use diuretics to make themselves urinate or have a bowel movement. Eating disorders are very serious sitiuations that need to be handled with care. They are so harmful to ones body and can cause death in an indiviual i it is not handled properly. Some people label this as a mental illness and I do believe that their is something mental about these disorders. There is something in this persons mind that causesShow MoreRelatedMedia And Its Effects On Society1709 Words   |  7 Pagesmore socially acceptable in today’s society than it was hundreds of years ago, which is mostly caused by technological advances. As technology expanded, so did our generation’s tendency for violence. With all the breakthroughs in social interaction using technology, the media has become a large contributor to society. Coinciding with the first amendment to free speech, the media is a very valuable and powerful tool in spreading information when used for important purposes. However, many people abuseRead MoreThe Sun Starts To Set As Your Making A Rather Difficult1242 Words   |  5 Pageshad a creative mindset for audiofile, always loving to find the deeper message in the words you listen to. As nighttime starts to peak, you finally start to settle in the car along with your friends ready to turn some music on. As you and your friends delightfully sing the miraculous tune, you all suddenly start to hear multiple small snippets of beeps that cover up partially the song. Blocking the creative words you want to say, you all realized y all chose a censored version of a song, that youRead MoreHow in the News Media the Image Becomes More Important than the Message?808 Words   |  4 Pagesactual message portrayed. We simply observe or recite if the news media is outrageous or affects to the lives of the icons presently in the interest. Currently, the image of privacy connected with individuals providing newscasts has entirely disappeared. 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As you can see the media is very important and popular. The media has been a popular creation throughout the decades. As time passed the media develops from magazines to the television to the internet. The media in our society is everywhere. We see it everywhere from the time we wake up until we go to sleep. We wake up, eat breakfast then we turn on the television or read the paper. From theRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Our Lives1576 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence of sound particularly music? To begin, our life would consist of incredibly quiet spaces. Music plays a vital role in our lives, whether it is attending music festivals to attending religious ceremonies. In many ways, music is the composition of our lives that defines society. As a reflection of society, it allows us to remember how things were in the past, how things are now in the present and lastly presents a view of how things might be in the future. 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I believe that cinemas in third world countries are seen as a luxury therefore it serves as a way of sending a message to the masses. â€Å"In the past few years, there has bee n a multiplication and diversificationRead MoreEssay on Music Censorship1049 Words   |  5 PagesMusic Censorship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, in the 1990s, citizens in our society are being bombarded with obscene material from every direction. From the hate lyrics of Guns N Roses to the satanic lyrics of Montley Crue and Marilyn Manson to the sexually explicit graphical content of todays movies, the issue is how much society is going to permit and where we, as a society, should we draw the line. The freedom of speech has always been considered a right, but that doesnt mean that you can shout, FireRead MoreEssay about Radical Feminism and Hip Hop1550 Words   |  7 Pageshas spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the world. 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Human Computer Interaction Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Computer Interaction. Answer: Introduction The Internet has turned into an imperative specialized apparatus for information, commerce and research. It gives bottomless advantages to clients in connection to access to data, business exchanges and excitement. Moreover, the Web permits "consumers to educate themselves about the information or products at their own pace, furthermore, the consumers can instantly access only that information which is pertinent to their needs". The key standards behind planning an online business site are "to fulfil clients' needs, also, to get their fulfilment in a focused market of on the web and disconnected deals and data administrations. The website must be designed in specific way by using perfect graphics and text. Therefore, the HCI design principle is very much important. This paper is intended to analyse the interactive aspects and user interface design of the https://www.jigsawstore.com.au/ website. This paper includes the website details, main features and functionalities, positive and n egatives aspects. Moreover, the user testing methodology is also applying to analyse this website. All the test details also include with this report. After analysis a recommendation is also include in this report. Website background Jigsaw Store is a one of the biggest online puzzle store in Australia. They only sell puzzle. In this website has many different type of puzzles. Jigsaw Store is home to outstanding amongst other choices of jigsaw baffles on the web. they have something for each age and expertise level with jigsaw confuses running from two pieces as far as possible up to 40,320 pieces. They stock significant brands including Piatnik, Heye, Blue Opal, Jumbo, Eurographics, Holdson, Ravensburger, Sunsout, Djeco, Doug, Janod, Melissa and Mudpuppy. They offer quick transporting Australia wide for one low level rate of $9.95 per arrange. They additionally offer a request get choice from our office at Ultimo for clients situated in Sydney They sell puzzles for every age groups. They have variety of puzzle brands in their website. Jigsaw Store is part of Ed Resources Pty Ltd a leading retailer of toys, books, and school supplies in Australia. They also sell puzzle accessories along with the puzzles. The acce ssories like Puzzle Conserver Permanent, Puzzle Store Carry Case, Deluxe Wire Puzzle Rack and many more. Objectives The main objective of this report is to analyse the https://www.jigsawstore.com.au/ website that they maintaining the principle of human computer interaction or not. The objective of this report is given bellow: To analyse the design of the Jigsaw store website To find the positive aspect of the Jigsaw website To find the main features of the Jigsaw website To find the negative aspect of the Jigsaw Website To analyse the human computer interaction (HCI) design principle Main Features of the website This website https://www.jigsawstore.com.au/ has many features but from all of them the main features are described below: Advance navigation system The navigation system is well structured. All the categories are listed in the navigation panel. More users friendly navigation system attracts more users. Therefore, the navigation system of the website is one of the main features. Advance search option the search option will help the users to find their desired things. In the website the search option is worked perfectly and very quick. Its provide all the available information that are presented with in this website. Search functionality provide suggestions on the possible things to their users that they are looking for. Product description The online store is not a live store. Therefore, the website must have the product description for their users. A creative and clear description will help the website to attract more visitors. In this website the product description is clearly given. Order pick up T he order picked up option is also available in this website. The customer can place an order form the website and can pick up this order from the nearest physical store of the website. Interactivity This website is very much interactive because they used two way communicate with their process with their business and consumer. Product Category All the product is categorized according to their types. Therefore, it will help the customer to find their products. Shopping cart the most important features of any e-commerce website is the shopping cart. This website is an e commerce website. Therefore, the shopping cart option is the most needed. This website provides the shopping cart option to their customer. Login facility Login system is one of the most important option of any website. This website has a login option available for their customers. The customer can login or register. They can store their details in this account. Logo Logo is also another important thing for every website. The logo must be the same as the business category they have. In this case, this website sells the puzzle and their logo is also like puzzle. Therefore, the logo is another big features of the website. Positive and Negative Aspect of the website Every website has positive and negative aspect. The positive and negative aspects are given bellow: Positive Aspect In this website, the pages do not use tables for designing purpose. None of the pages of this site utilize tables for design. This is astounding, as utilizing tables for format is redundant and they should just contain unthinkable information. A well-assembled site should utilize div components and CSS to make the coveted design. All pages were found to utilize characterized headings. This is superb as it permits guests and web indexes to condense the substance of site pages rapidly. Effectively characterized headings help availability and are especially vital for site design improvement. All pages of this site seem, by all accounts, to be upgraded for printing (utilizing CSS). The whole site seems, by all accounts, to be streamlined for review on a cell phone or a tablet. All pages were found to utilize page titles properly. Page titles show up in query items and at the highest point of the program's window when going by the site. Fitting page titles are especially imperative for web crawler optimization. This site utilizes suitable web addresses (URLs) all through. It is incredible and helps web crawler arrangement, convenience and attractiveness of this website. This site was presented with GZIP encoding. This is great since it lessens the stacking time of a page. Negative Aspect None of this site is utilizing any perceived investigation programming. It is as yet conceivable to accumulate a lot of data from webserver logs; however total guest investigation requires customer side JavaScript or a picture not found here. No pages are W3C consistent. Since there are blunders in the code, some web programs will be unable to peruse this site effectively and it may not generally show accurately. This site does not restore a 404-mistake HTTP status code for missing pages. This is terrible in light of the fact that web indexes like Google may mix up this for a genuine page of substance. Most pictures (91.0%) don't have characterized sizes utilizing width and stature qualities in the HTML. These qualities are discretionary, yet emphatically prescribed as they enable the program to orchestrate the page faster. 21 joins have no content depicting their goal. Connections on a page ought to portray their goal for the advantage of both screen peruses and internet searcher creepy crawlies. All pages incorporate in any event some metadata, however just 60.0% of pages have a depiction Meta tag. The depiction Meta information is critical as it shows up on Google's query output pages. User Testing Method For the audit of designated site, two companions were picked who are associated with a similar course of Responsive website architecture from CQ University. Member 1 is 24 year matured Male and Participant 2 is 25 years aged Female. The survey was directed by utilizing two indistinguishable gadget settings. Participant 1 - This member looked into the site under Medium show with determination of 480 x 640 pixels. From the survey, it has been resolved that regardless of the variances in show measure, the member was alright with the route and in addition feel of the site. Nonetheless, it was to some degree hard to discover certain things because of littler screen estimate. The member was general happy with the look and feel of the site and additionally responsiveness. Screenshot 1: Participant 1 display (480 x 640) Participant 2- This member inspected the site under minor show of 400 x 640 pixels. The responsiveness and feel of the site was astounding as indicated by the survey anyway, it set aside some opportunity to stack the pictures for items, which made it a period taking procedure for member to see and select the items. Screenshot 2: Participant 2 display (400 x 640) Recommendation From the data assembled, numerous upgrades can be made for the Jigsaw store site to enhance the experience of its clients. A portion of the significant proposals have been given as underneath: Resolve the approval mistakes that are recorded in the table beneath as the blunders are keeping this site from being completely W3C consistent: No pages are W3C agreeable. Since there are blunders in the code, some web programs will most likely be unable to peruse this site accurately and it may not generally show effectively. Consider a main site examination arrangement, for example, Web Trends or Google Analytics: None of this site is utilizing any perceived investigation programming. It is as yet conceivable to assemble a lot of data from webserver logs; however entire guest examination requires customer side JavaScript or a picture not found here. Ensure that the web server restores a 404 HTTP status code for mistake pages: This site does not restore a 404-blunder HTTP status code for missing pages. This is awful in light of the fact that web indexes like Google may mix up this for a genuine page of substance. Conclusion The selected site for testing takes after the fundamental plan standards as indicated by responsive website architecture nonetheless, with the usage of proposed proposals it could thrive the outline in a more effective way. The enhancements in the plan will contribute towards expanding the fulfilment of clients and making it simpler for the clients to use the site valuably. It can have closed from the survey that the site is fitting for satisfying the requests of the clients however a few adjustments can be made in the plan to draw in more clients and enhance the attractiveness of Jigsaw store. Bibliography Bollens, E., Rocchio, R.A., Peterson, J.E., Pollack, B., Tirpak, L. and Ward, C.M., 2014. Understanding Responsive Web Design in Higher Education. ECAR Working Group Paper.EDUCAUSE. Carver, M., 2014.The responsive web. Manning Publications Co. Diefenbach, S., Kolb, N. and Hassenzahl, M., 2014, June. The'hedonic'in human-computer interaction: history, contributions, and future research directions. InProceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systems(pp. 305-314). ACM. Frain, B., 2012.Responsive web design with HTML5 and CSS3. Packt Publishing Ltd. Gaines, B.R. and Monk, A.F., 2015. Cognitive Ergonomics: Understanding, Learning, and Designing Human-Computer Interaction. Academic Press. Helander, M.G. ed., 2014. Handbook of human-computer interaction. Elsevier. Jigsaw Store. (2017).Jigsaw Puzzle Online Store - Buy Jigsaw Puzzles - Ravensburger Puzzles. [online] Available at: https://www.jigsawstore.com.au/ [Accessed 28 Jul. 2017]. Johansen, R.D., Britto, T.C.P. and Cusin, C.A., 2013, May. CSS browser selector plus: a JavaScript library to support cross-browser responsive design. InProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web(pp. 27-30). ACM. Kim, B., 2013. Responsive web design, discoverability, and mobile challenge.Library technology reports,49(6), pp.29-39. Lazar, J., Feng, J.H. and Hochheiser, H., 2017.Research methods in human-computer interaction. Morgan Kaufmann. Leavitt, M.O. and Shneiderman, B., 2006. Based Web Design Usability Guidelines. Marcotte, E., 2017.Responsive web design: A book apart n 4. Editions Eyrolles. Palmer, J.W., 2002. Web site usability, design, and performance metrics.Information systems research,13(2), pp.151-167. Rogatnev, N., 2015. Responsive Web Design. Shneiderman, B., Plaisant, C., Cohen, M.S., Jacobs, S., Elmqvist, N. and Diakopoulos, N., 2016.Designing the user interface: strategies for effective human-computer interaction. Pearson.

The existence of God Based on Religious Experience free essay sample

1. Examine the strengths and weaknesses of the argument for the existence of God based on religious experience. (18) 2. ‘The argument merely indicates the probability of God and this is of little value to a religious believer.’ Discuss. (12) In contrast to the classical arguments for the existence of God, namely the ontological, cosmological and teleological arguments, the argument from religious experience doesn’t just entail a set logical of points arriving at a conclusion on a piece of paper, rather it also necessitates sense-based experience, tangible to the individual who experiences the divine. First and foremost, we must classify the argument from religious experience. In general, philosophical arguments usually take one of two forms: either they are deductive arguments, moving from general principles to unfolding the logical implications (e.g. the ontological argument); or they are inductive arguments, proposing the best explanation for a set of observations (e.g. the cosmological argument [â€Å"God is first cause†] and the teleological argument [â€Å"God is the final cause†]). We will write a custom essay sample on The existence of God Based on Religious Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Inductive arguments therefore lead to conclusions that are probabilities, which may require empirical verification. The argument from religious experience can be described as an inductive argument. And the inductive argument, reduced to a logical form, can be described as: P1: If an entity is directly experienced, it must exist; P2: God is the sort of being that can be directly experienced; P3: People have claimed, in fact, to have experienced God directly; C: Therefore God exists. The argument from religious experience also takes the form of an appeal to intuition (direct, immediate knowledge). In this regard, it is more of an assertion than a sophisticated, effable argument. Peter Donovan argues that we can essentially know God by religious experience, implying that experiencing God is a superior way of knowing him (intuitively) than our Reason (man’s mental capacity). In the terminology of the later philosophers, this is an a posteriori argument (dependent on observation or sense perception). Further classified, the argument from religious experience arrives at a synthetic proposition – namely that God exists. Synthetic statements are those that are true or false depending upon the circumstances, such as â€Å"All bachelors are sad,† as opposed to analytic statements which are true or false by definition,† such as â€Å"All bachelors are unmarried.† An a posteriori argument for a synthetic proposition means that, interestingly, philosophers working in both the Rationalist and Empiricist traditions could potentially accept this argument. Strictly speaking, the former believe that our mind shapes our experiences (like Kant) and the latter believe that our experiences shape our minds (like Hume). Having outlined the form of the argument, we must ask: what do we exactly mean by the phrase â€Å"religious experience† and what qualifies as religious experience? The term â€Å"religious experience† can conjure up a wide and diverse series of images. There could be trigger factors or contexts to having such an experience, for example, near death experiences, conversion (to another religion or better set of values), individual or collective worship and the sheer beauty of the universe. The most common way of defining religious experience is that it is â€Å"an encounter with the divine.† It could also be â€Å"an experience of religion†, or merely reduced to a â€Å"spiritual feeling† or â€Å"mysticism†. The pragmatic philosopher, William James describes religious experience as an experience where God is revealed and there is an experience with the divine. Those who insist on human spirituality (religious or a-religious) would argue the best way to know the supernatural is to experience it. However, such experiences are difficult to define collectively and remain individualistic. This is why the pragmatic philosopher, William James, in his Varieties of Religious Experience sees it necessary to characterise religious experience,  otherwise anything and everything could be considered an â€Å"experience of religion†. James lists four qualifiers of mystical experiences: ineffability (a state that defies description), noetic quality (revelations of universal and eternal truths), transiency (a brief but profoundly important experience) and passivity (a feeling of being taken over by a superior authority). The father of liberal theology, Schleiermacher, made â€Å"passivity† the most important qualifier. He took the concept a step further and proposed that the â€Å"essence of religion is the feeling of absolute dependence† and this approach was supported by scholars such as Rudolf Otto, who defined religious experience as â€Å"wholly other†. For Schleiermacher, in particular, and, additionally, the Islamic mystic Al-Ghazali, true religion was completely experiential and it should therefore be felt rather than thought. He believed that logic destroys religious experience because religious experience is a matter of intuitive knowledge, not processed knowledge. Intuition is belief, where as logic creates doubts. In many spiritual systems (religious or independent of religion) the human instinct is held in high regard. It was for this reason that Iqbal, the late Islamic philosopher of the modern era, disagreed with Al-Ghazali. Religious experience is a very important concept for those who believe that way to know God is to experience Him. There is a spiritual, mystical dimension to all the world religions – in fact, the Eastern religions rely heavily on sense-based knowledge. The Western religions are not devoid of this either. We have discussed Schleiermacher and his views are on par with Eastern Christianity. Al-Ghazali’s methodology is pertinent as it marks a time in Islamic thought where Sufism, or mysticism, became considered an orthodox practice. Al-Ghazali himself was given the alias â€Å"Proof of Islam† (Hujjat al-Islam). Religious experience is therefore seen as an important argument, if not concept within faith. Is it really the case that God can be experienced directly; granted that  people have what they call â€Å"religious experiences†, how can we verify that their cause is God and not some other cause; do the weaknesses of this argument necessarily entail the rejection of the conclusion? Firstly we can discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the argument in terms of its premises. P1 states that â€Å"If an entity is directly experienced, it exists†. Arguably, the proof we rely on most of all in the twenty-first century is our own experience. If we have seen, heard or experienced something, we accept the â€Å"truth† of whatever it may be. For those philosophers working in the Empiricist tradition (Hume, Bertrand Russell, Dawkins), this is appealing. The premise is an analytic statement – it is generally true by definition -, and therefore would be accepted by Logical Positivists and their Verificationism. P2 states that â€Å"God is the sort of being that can be experienced†. In the Classical Theism espoused by the three Abrahamic faiths, God is omnipotent, omnibenevolent and omniscient. He is also transcendent and immanent, personal and impersonal. With these major attributes, God is thought be able to be experienced, by default. Quranic injunctions, such as, â€Å"If you remember Him, He will remember you,† (2:152), and the concept of Ihsan – the Prophet Muhammad is recorded to have said, â€Å"Ihsan is to worship God as if you see him, and if you can’t do that then know that he is seeing You,† (Hadith of Gabriel in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim) – forms the basis of an experience-based God in Islam. However, is the Prophet Muhammad saying that one may â€Å"see† or â€Å"feel† God literally? The Ashari theologians of Sunni Islam argued that certain attributes of God which are seemingly anthromorphic should not be taken litera lly, so, when God mentions His â€Å"Hand† (Arabic: Yad) in the Quran, it is representative of his Power. Similarly, when we say God is â€Å"experienced†, what does this really mean? Despite being considered an orthodox theologian of Christianity, Thomas Aquinas argued that God cannot be experienced in the way that human beings experience things. This is because God is transcendent and above mortal senses of observation, smell, taste, hearing, touch and the sixth sense – often described as â€Å"intuition† and is vital to the processing of religious  experience. Similarly, Kant argues that given our human senses are finite and limited, it is impossible to ‘experience’ an infinite and unlimited God. P3 states that â€Å"People have claimed to experience God directly.† This premise is probably the most problematic, from various perspectives.   It is said that up to 28% of the human race have religious experiences in the sense that they have, at some point in their life, had an experience of being aware of the presence of God. Such experiences must be deconstructed. Hume, a Sceptic and Empiricist, argued that people who experience God are in fact lying or mentally ill. He also argued that different religious experience (and by extension miracles) from different religions cancel each other out. Take the example of Schleiermacher who uses religious experience to prove the superiority of Christianity, or Al-Ghazali who uses religious experience to prove the superiority of the Prophetic Way and Islam. The Prophet Muhammad’s religious experience (revelation) in the Cave of Hira in Mecca brought him the message of the One and Only God, on the other hand Guru Nanak’s experience opened the gateway to a more pantheistic God. A critical thinker may find discrepancy here, and conclude that all religions can’t be true, so their respective religious experiences can’t be true either. By reverse, someone pragmatic about religious experience may argue that what is important in religious experience is not necessarily the varying religions but God and the experience itself. This forms the basis of Perennial or Syncretistic mysticism, espoused by Sufi thinkers in the West like Fritjof Schuon and writers like William Dalrymple (he talks about the history of Religious Syncretism in India to promote pluralism). The reasoning behind this is: since all religions have developed a sense-based, mystical dimension, the truth lies in the experiences, not the religion, and so the experiences are to be extracted to alone which leads us to a supernatural being. For the Logical Positivists, such claims of religious experiences should be essentially verified to be proven as true. A. J. Ayer who promoted this  school of philosophy presented harsher ideas in his book â€Å"Language, Truth and Logic†. He said that any talk of God is essentially â€Å"nonsense† and â€Å"meaningless†. Similar to some religious theologians who believe God is above our logic, Ayer, despite being a de facto atheist, took it one step further and concluded that since God is above logic, we cannot talk about Him. Perhaps this is the reason for the ineffability of such experiences. But in some ways, this does not really contribute to whether the argument is true or not and acts as a barrier to discourse. Perhaps the harsh stance of the Logical Positivists does not produce any answers to our continuous questions. Freud, a materialist thinker and a renowned psychologist provided a natural explanation for such claimed religious experiences. He believed people were completely material beings. In other words, if we understood everything about the biological/physical side of life, we would fully understand human beings. Religious experiences for Freud were just illusions and were the result of a psychological need – for example, the desire to project a father image on to the universe having recognised their own fathers as fallible, human and finite. More particularly, he believed that they were projections of the ultimate, oldest and most profound ideas that people had. Dawkins, similarly, dismisses religious experience as â€Å"hallucinations†. He mentions the case of the â€Å"Yorkshire Ripper† who heard the voice of Jesus telling him to kill women. Even religious believers said accepted this as a hallucination. Why? Because of the belief that Jesus would never preach something â€Å"wrong†. A question to religious believers may be, that, if the â€Å"Yorkshire Ripper† had heard Jesus telling him to â€Å"love† and not â€Å"kill†, would it still be a hallucination? If the Yorkshire Ripper was clearly prone to having hallucinations, then at a medical and scientific level, this would still be a hallucination. If religious believers consider this false, then it shows a lack of objectivity. William James, presented a unique counterargument. He accepted that religious  experiences are psychological phenomena: that they occur within the brain and are cognitive. However, for James, this is not a flaw. Rather, these psychological experiences do not just have a physical justification, but also a supernatural one. The four qualities that James lists of religious experience are telling us that there are realities beyond this world. Another question then arises, beyond psychological disorder, are we experiencing God, or have we misunderstood? Is it not possible that a more rational thinking and modern person would sit and recollect their thoughts after such an experience? Perhaps it was not God that the person experienced, but just an energy part and parcel of the universe. If we take the example of a converted mosque in a British city and compare it to a beautifully designed mosque of Ottoman Turkey, a person is likely to â€Å"feel† the presence of God in the Ottoman mosque, than the mosque in Britain, despite the prayers being exactly the same. A natural explanation would be the architecture. Therefore, surroundings may play an important part in religious experiences. In Dawkins’ book, â€Å"The Magic of Reality†, he is keen to make the reader realise that there is a sort of natural, not supernatural, â€Å"magic† in the universe and things that humans create. We also forget the idea of atheistic mystical experience. Again, it may not be that one has experienced God. Many members of the New Age Spiritual Movement were non-believers. In fact, some forms of classical Hinduism and Buddhism do not necessarily require belief in a Creator, and no one can deny the importance of mysticism in the Eastern religion. Swinburne, on the other hand, argues that we should not be so cynical and regulatory of people’s own experiences. He proposes the â€Å"Principle of Credulity† and the â€Å"Principle of Testimony† which state that we ought to believe things are the way they seem to us in the absence of counter evidence. The final conclusion of the argument from religious experience is the synthetic proposition that â€Å"God exists†. Has there been a leap in conclusion? Can this synthetic proposition truly be proved or even accepted when there are so many problems among the premises? At the same time, if no body had religious experiences, there would be no basis for the idea of ‘god’, nor would there have been any reason for religions to have developed. The empirical nature of this argument, despite the experience not being able to be proved is very appealing in our rational yet sense-based age.

Picassos The Guitar Player Essay Example

Picassos The Guitar Player Essay There is no abstract art. You must always start with something. Afterward you can remove all traces of reality, quoted by Pablo Picasso, represents how his art moves away from realism and the traditional views of art in pre modernist era (Picasso). Picasso is known for his abstract paintings and is described as a modern artist. Ideas expressed in the handout Modernism are used to describe Pablo Picassos The Guitar Player (1910) and are used to define the painting as a modern work of art. The dimension created through the use of cubism and subjective style expressed in Picassos The Guitar Player defines the painting as a modern The Guitar Player is a cubist painting that moves away from the traditional design of a painting by presenting an uncertain image not found in the natural world. The title of the painting is the only indication of what is being presented.Lines used to create a person and a guitar become confusing, as evidence of the existence of the objects becomes blu rred. Monotone colors, shadowing, and shapes help add depth to the image. The depth developed creates multiple points of view. It removes the flatness of pre modern painting by giving the appearance of three-dimension to the painting. The dimensionality created is not normally The abstract and unnatural image defines the painting as a modern art piece. Cubism is an art about art, instead of being a mirror image of the exterior world. It is art referencing other art. The painting isnt a representation of what can be found in the exterior world, it is a representation of what is found within the artist (Edward). The painting is not objective, but subjective. The lines, shapes, color and shadowing are used to represent the artist;s inner thoughts and emotions. There is no narration or instruction found within the painting. It is different from pre modern ar

Free Essays on Oedipus The King

The fall of Oedipus, in â€Å"Oedipus the King†, by Sophocles is caused by a combination of destiny, fate and free will. The gods do not force him to do these exact actions but they do influence him by telling him the prophecy. It was foretold that he was to kill his father and marry his mother but not how he was to commit the crimes of murder and incest. Destiny and fate decide how it all ended but it is his own free will that would decide how he would fulfill it. The events in Sophocles â€Å"Oedipus the King† illustrate the relationship between mortal free will and the looming fate, or â€Å"great plan.† The Greeks believed the universe was guided for some larger purpose of the gods. Man was free to choose and was ultimately held responsible for his own actions. Both the concept of fate and free will played a large part in Oedipus’ very own destruction. Even though he is a victim of his own fate, he isn’t controlled by it. Oedipus is destined from birth to someday marry his mother and to murder his father. This prophecy, as warned by the oracle of Apollo at Delphi was unconditional and eventually would come to pass, no matter what he may have done to avoid it. His past actions were determined by fate, but what he did in Thebes, he did so of his own will. The idea that we, as human beings alone, have the capacity to determine our own life (whether we turn toward sin or virtue) is the idea of free will in our lives and in Oedipus’. From the beginning of this tragedy, Oedipus takes many actions leading to his own downfall. Oedipus could have waited for the plague to clear, but out of compassion for his suffering people, he had Creon go to Delphi. When he learned of Apollo's word, he could have calmly investigated the murder of the former King Lauis, but in his hastiness, he passionately curses the murderer, and in so, unknowingly curses himself. "Upon the murderer I invoke this curse- whether he is one man a... Free Essays on Oedipus The King Free Essays on Oedipus The King The fall of Oedipus, in â€Å"Oedipus the King†, by Sophocles is caused by a combination of destiny, fate and free will. The gods do not force him to do these exact actions but they do influence him by telling him the prophecy. It was foretold that he was to kill his father and marry his mother but not how he was to commit the crimes of murder and incest. Destiny and fate decide how it all ended but it is his own free will that would decide how he would fulfill it. The events in Sophocles â€Å"Oedipus the King† illustrate the relationship between mortal free will and the looming fate, or â€Å"great plan.† The Greeks believed the universe was guided for some larger purpose of the gods. Man was free to choose and was ultimately held responsible for his own actions. Both the concept of fate and free will played a large part in Oedipus’ very own destruction. Even though he is a victim of his own fate, he isn’t controlled by it. Oedipus is destined from birth to someday marry his mother and to murder his father. This prophecy, as warned by the oracle of Apollo at Delphi was unconditional and eventually would come to pass, no matter what he may have done to avoid it. His past actions were determined by fate, but what he did in Thebes, he did so of his own will. The idea that we, as human beings alone, have the capacity to determine our own life (whether we turn toward sin or virtue) is the idea of free will in our lives and in Oedipus’. From the beginning of this tragedy, Oedipus takes many actions leading to his own downfall. Oedipus could have waited for the plague to clear, but out of compassion for his suffering people, he had Creon go to Delphi. When he learned of Apollo's word, he could have calmly investigated the murder of the former King Lauis, but in his hastiness, he passionately curses the murderer, and in so, unknowingly curses himself. "Upon the murderer I invoke this curse- whether he is one man a... Free Essays on Oedipus The King -means new paragraphI thought Oedipus the King was a good story. I think it was smart of Sophocles to pick out the most significant, life altering phase in Oedipus’ life to bring to the stage. I also really respect how Sophocles took the myth of Oedipus and put all of the details of the story into it. I think it’s somewhat amazing how he took something that supposedly happened and gave the people exact dialogue and specific feelings. I realize that Oedipus the King is only a myth and that all Sophocles needed was a creative mind, but I still respect him. Being as Oedipus the King’s storyline was already laid out, I can’t blame Sophocles for some of the events I didn’t agree with. First of all, I know I shouldn’t laugh at this myth because the ancient Greeks actually believed it, but I did. The Sphinx was a monster with the head and breasts of a woman, the body of a lion, and the wings of a bird. I just think it’s weird that someone would actually make up a story with something like the Sphinx in it. It sounds like something out of a science fiction story, and I just don’t like science fiction. Next, why did Oedipus gouge his eyes out? I understand why Oedipus would do something so drastic in the instant he learned the foul deeds he committed, but I thought he would have killed himself just as his mom/wife Jocasta did. That is, until I realized in a way he wanted to suffer because he believed he deserved it. Finally, there was one part of Oedipus the King that I didn’t like and can blame on Sophocles. That was the part where the chorus seems to go on and on about the gods and how Apollo and Zeus should save them. They chanted on about how they would never go to Delphi or another temple if Oedipus’ story wouldn’t come true. I did not like reading that part at all and consider it a waste of Sophocles’ talent. In Oedipus the King, I thought Oedipus ... Free Essays on Oedipus The King Throughout the play Oedipus the King the theme of blindness can be seen. Sophocles uses Tiresias as a major vehicle in establishing this theme. Tiresias’ physical blindness is used to accentuate Oedipus’ blindness to the truth of his past, and present. Tiresias is a prophet of Apollo and can see the corruption of Oedipus’ life despite the fact that he is blind and therefore cannot physically see. Oedipus, however, has physical sight yet is blind to the truth of his life. As the citizens of Thebes are told to find the killer of Laius to end the plague that has fallen on the city, Oedipus issues a curse upon the killer and those who aid the murderer in remaining hidden. He even goes so far as to issue the curse unto himself: â€Å"I curse myself as well†¦ if by any chance he proves to be an intimate of our house, here at my hearth, with my full knowledge may the curse I just called down on him strike me!† (Sophocles line 285). Tiresias then informs Oedipus, reluctantly, on the reality of the situation. He tells Oedipus that he is the â€Å"corruption of the land† that is causing the plague upon Thebes. Tiresias practically spells out what Oedipus will do to himself once he realizes the truth of his pa st, and the corruption of the present that it has caused; yet Oedipus still refuses to see reality. It is not until a conversation with his wife Jocasta that Oedipus starts to put the pieces of the puzzle together. Slowly but surely Oedipus and the rest of Thebes are presented with evidence revealing the truth about Oedipus’ birth and the circumstances leading to his present situation. No longer able to deny the validity of Tiresias’ accusations, Oedipus blinds himself with the pins that had held up Jocasta’s robes. The significance of Oedipus blinding himself in the end is great. He blinds the eyes that did not help him to see the reality of his world. The truth that Oedipus now understands is too much for h... Free Essays on Oedipus The King Oedipus’s Tragedy Through the story of â€Å"Oedipus, the King,† Sophocles illustrates the irony of tragic discovery and fate. The story of Oedipus was well known to the Athenians. Oedipus is the embodiment of the perfect Athenian. He is self-confident, intelligent, powerful, rich, and strong willed. Ironically, these are the very traits, which bring about his tragic discovery. Oedipus gained the rule of Thebes by answering the riddle of Sphinx. Sophocles used the riddle of the Sphinx as a metaphor for the 3 phases of Oedipus’ life and to further characterize him as a tragic man. The Sphinx posed the following riddle to all who came to obtain the rule of Thebes: â€Å"What is it that walks on 4 feet and 2 feet and 3 feet and has only one voice, when it walks on most feet it is the weakest?† Oedipus correctly answered â€Å"Man† and became the king of Thebes. This riddle is a metaphor for the life of Oedipus. As a child man crawls on his hands and knees this is the four feet to which the Sphinx refers. Also man is at his weakest as a small child. He depends solely on others for his nourishment and well being. Oedipus was the child of Jocasta and King Laius, who was taken to the mountain by a shepherd to be killed so the omen of the god Apollo that Laius’ son would kill him and lay with Jocasta, would not come true. Oedipus was the weakest of his life at this point. If it has not been for the shepherd sparing his life and giving him to Polybus to rise as his own Oedipus would have died. Man walks on 2 feet when he has matured. This is a metaphor for Oedipus when he reaches adulthood and leaves Corinth to escape the oracle. Oedipus meets up with a band of travelers and in a rage kills them. Inadvertently, Oedipus has killed his own father. Oedipus then answers the riddle of the Sphinx and becomes king of Thebes. By becoming king of Thebes he marries Jocasta the Queen of Thebes, who his own mother. Many years later after b... Free Essays on Oedipus The King What a Tale! Destiny, incest, and irony are just a few words that describe this breath-taking tale. Who would of thought that the story of â€Å"Oedipus the King† would be so interesting. From my research, I discovered that this tale was written by Sophocles between 441-427 B.C.E (Oedipus 2). The meaning of the story simply says that even if one tries to change their destiny, one will not succeed (Oedipus). In this story, the king and queen of Thebes ordered their servant to get rid of Oedipus, their son, because of the oracle of Delphi prophecy (son will marry his other and produce offspring with her). Surprisingly, the servant could not kill the child so he left child to be found by someone. Luckily enough, a shepherd discovered the child and gave Oedipus to the king and queen of Cornith. There Oedipus grew up thinking that the couple was his true family. As Oedipus grew up, he began to question his relation to the king and queen of Cornith. To solve this problem, he visited the ora cle of Delphi. There, Oedipus was told that he would marry his mother and produce offspring with her. Not knowing who his real parents were, Oedipus feared the prophecy and did not return home. In his search for a new home, he got into some trouble. Oedipus mistakenly killed an old, which turned out to be his father. From the altercation he headed for the city of Thebes. As Oedipus journeyed to Thebes he came upon the Sphinx. The Sphinx told him if he answered the riddle correctly he could pass, but if answered wrong the Sphinx would eat him. Oedipus quickly answered the question and the Sphinx died. Soon the city was amazed by his conquest and made him the new king who just happened to be Laius’s thrown. With king Laius’s thrown, Oedipus married his mother Jocasta. Oedipus ruled the kingdom fairly and four children, until one day things went wrong. A plaque took over the city and the townspeople wanted him to put a stop to it. As a result ...

Michael Bleaney Planners and enterprises (5 other sources to choose Lab Report

Michael Bleaney Planners and enterprises (5 other sources to choose from) - Lab Report Example According to Stigler (1951, 187) Adam Smith explains this concept with his famous example of pin-making. If one person were to make pins, he would probably be able to make just one pin in a day. However, if the pin making process is divided into 18 stages and in all 10 workers split these tasks among themselves, each doing just one type of job, together they were able to produce 48000 pins. This is because as the task is divided each labor becomes proficient and specialized in that task as he is concentrating on just one type of work and therefore the human mind discovers the most efficient way of doing that task. Thus with division of labor, there is an increase in the production, skill and efficiency of time giving rise to the invention of machines. However, Adam Smith recognizes the disadvantages of division of labor and says that with specialization, when a man spends his whole life performing a few simple tasks he becomes stupid and ignorant. At the same time however, he also says that division of labor causes inventions and technological advancements. The contradiction is that when the division of labor makes the worker and in turn society as a whole stupid, then how can there be technological advancement and inventions in the same society (Stigler 187-188). Many economists according to Stigler (1951, 189) have held this against Adam Smith and have found his theory to be contradictory. However, upon closer scrutiny we see that when Smith said that the workman who spends his life doing a few simple tasks has no opportunity to implement his understanding and innovations as his work is too mechanical. He has no need to attempt to remove difficulties that never occur. He thus automatically loses the habit of exerting and generally becomes stupid and ignorant. Thus according to Smith his deftness at his own particular work is at the expense

Effects of the Light Wavelengths Pea Germination Essay

Effects of the Light Wavelengths Pea Germination - Essay Example The difference in light wavelength is possible by use of light filter papers that will only select required wavelength. The experiment done and that forms the basis of this paper is a reflective of the phenomenon. Five pots were used to grow the pea in different light wavelength and then the masses of the pea in the different pots taken. The plants were then placed in an oven (80 degrees centigrade) and the masses of the dry weight of the pea observed and weighed. The results of the experiment show the different activities of the light wavelength on chlorophyll element of the plant, which is responsible for the absorption of light for photosynthesis. Introduction The main aim of the experiment is to ascertain the portion of the light spectrum that is absorbed the most in the leaves by chlorophyll. Apparently, it is known that the light wavelengths are best absorbed at the red and blue region (Toole, Toole, & Toole 1999, p. 132). The light wavelengths are measured in units called Nano meters (nm). In this case, the light wavelengths are best-absorbed 670nm and 500nm in the red and blue region respectively (Mauseth, & Mauseth 2009, p.92). It is therefore hypothesized that much growth occurred in the pots with the red and blue wavelength. Plants grown in the green wavelength environment are therefore expected to poorly perform since they are poorly absorbed to facilitate the process of photosynthesis. At this point of light wavelength absorption, the chlorophyll a and b are responsible for the absorption. There are other accessory pigments that helps absorb light wavelengths that do not fall within the active wavelength. An example of these acce ssory pigments the carotenoid.... There are other accessory pigments that helps absorb light wavelengths that do not fall within the active wavelength. An example of these accessory pigments the carotenoid (Mauseth, & Mauseth 2009, p. 98). The diagram below shows the absorption of light wavelength in the spectrum by the chlorophyll. (McDonald 2003, p. 116) Methodology Since the aim of the experiment was to establish the effects of the light wave length on germination of the pea plant, several batches of the plant were taken and simultaneously grown in the different light wavelengths. These included the red light, the green light, white light and the rest grown in the dark. The white light in this case was used as the control for the experiment. After germination of the pea, a close and careful observation of the seedlings was done and the salient features noted. In the batches of the pea that were grown in the different light wavelength, Vertical heights of the five tallest seedlings were taken and the average taken. Precision was taken to ensure that the measurement reflects the accurate length of the seedlings-measurement was started at the vermiculite/soil level. The seedlings in the white pot whose average was found were then taken out of the pot. The process was done carefully to ensure that no disturbances were caused on the roots of the plant. Any vermiculite/soil that was left on the roots were also carefully removed. A labeled piece of red paper was then placed in the tare key to set the zero balance, this was particularly important in ensuring that the precise weight of the seedlings was recorded. The five seedlings from each of the pots with the peculiar wavelength were taken through the procedure and finally weighed and the units recorded-this was regarded as taking the wet

Scientific Method and Primate Observation Essay

Scientific Method and Primate Observation - Essay Example Checking on how the non human primates relate amongst themselves, the way of feeding after hunting and how they hunt for food on daily bases. How do the non human primates get the daily bread and how they share the food? What is the level of intelligence of the non human primates and their way of handling hard tasks? This is the way the primates simplify the tasks that they face on their daily lives. Non human primates like other primates that are the human beings they mate and reproduce. How do they mate? How do they care for their young ones? Non human primates have household responsibilities just like human beings the Homo sapiens. The males have the responsibility to cater for their families by providing food and security to the females and children. The non human primates have a much enhanced social life in that they are capable of organizing meeting and even scheming politics in their habitats. Relationships The non human primates exhibit team work in communities which have mal es, females and young ones. They live in a communal way that depicts the level of unity that is in the community of the primates. In this way, they are able to interact leading to a more social life hence more innovation to the young ones. This is the way the young ones get knowledge and skills on which to survive in their habitat (Brunch 30). In the communities, they live harmoniously and hence improved security within the community because when they are in groups they intimidate enemies hence scaring them away. But this is not the case with all primates. Under keen observation, some primates live solitary lives hence the case of security due to groups will not apply. When the primates live as individuals the factor of social skills that are with other primates will not be distributed fairly hence this is a disadvantage to the lone primates. On view from far in the cradle land of non human primates, the dangers are very many and prevalent at any time (Brunch 90). This gives rise to the importance of groups and communities within the primates that are security. Habitation and Food Hunting The primates are very funny animals in the way they live from their day to day lives. They do not show intention to have any specific habitation, but they modify temporary nests where they spend overnight. Monkeys abide in certain tree branches, but they do not make nests. This is shown by the nest's absence in the trees where they sleep overnight. In the search for food males go hunting and bring home food in the evening for females and young ones (Brunch 69). This is a major duty that they have prior to offering security and company to the females and young ones. The primates’ females take a major responsibility in educating the young ones on the best vegetation for their food. One will see the females even educating the young ones on the best tools to use for simplifying the hard tasks that they meet on their way. This gives the young ones knowledge on what is good for them and what is not edible for them (Fleagle 45). Most of these primates join in hunting and after the hunt they put the food and share it first to the young ones then to the females. Due to lack of knowledge about storage of food by the non human primates they do not store any food for future use but they live from hand to mouth. Therefore, they look for food each and every day so as to feed

The Representation Of Gender In Disneys Films Film Studies Essay

The Representation Of Gender In Disneys Films Film Studies Essay In the golden age of animation, 1928 1960s, Walt Disney was one of the famous animators in the industry who founded The Walt Disney Corporation. He was an American film director, producer, screenwriter, entertainer and entrepreneur. The book, From Mouse to Mermaid, described that Disney ethos both reflects and promotes particular elements of the dominant ideology of United State culture (Murphy, p.127). Most of Disneys work represents characters that embody racial, ethnic, and gender stereotypes. As well as middle-class perspective and royalist ideology while focusing on themes like innocence, friendship, magic and fairytale. The old Disney works such as Bambi (1942), Snow White (1937), Cinderella (1950), and Sleeping Beauty (1959) are misleading in the image that they portray to young children whose mind is still impressionable. Disney also created subtle messages of stereotypical of social construct of men and women. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs released in 1937, it was well-known as the first to use Technicolor cel animation, about 250,000 celluloid frames for each animated film. Each frame is repeated from frame to frame, as layers upon layers of retelling, and in particular, a retelling of womans body. They also used live-action models for the characters and cinematic conventions of representing women. Each individual cel of film was hand-painted by women who created indelible images of the feminine. Elizabeth Bells said in her essay the women in these films are not bifurcated into good and bad, but represent a continuum of cultural representations of womens power and performance (Bell, p. 121). Eventhough I agree with her that Disneys work represents steriotypical role of female in our society, but I do not agree with her at this point because in Snow White and Cinderrella, we can see a clear distinction between a good characters and a bad characters that womens. A good characters fullfill a typical role of the ideal woman. The ideological woman is supposed to be skinny, beautiful, acquiescent, and perform duties of a housewife. She will not disobey direct orders and does not hold a job on her own. Whereas the bad woman is independent, strong willed and does not perform duties of a house care taker. During that time, the standards of contemporary beauty in Hollywood were young, pretty, white, graceful and slender. Disneys heroine character moved along with these standards except for the old Femmes Fatales. According to Middle-aged women represented as femme fatales are dark, independent, and treacherous; they are dressed on extravagant costumes. The example of this can be seen in Snow White, with the Evil Stepmother. As Bell rightly point out Disney transforms the vain, active and wicked woman of folktales into the Femme Fatale, the deadly woman od silent film and of Hollywood classic film. They usually played the roles of an evil stepmother who envied the younger heroine for her looks and ended up being defeated or killed. The old crone from Snow White represents the old female character which is depicted as gray and wrinkled, clumsy, and frumpily dressed. Disneys representation of women is the treatments of the feminine life-cycle in hegemonic social disclose and stereotypes a bout womens bodies. Another notable film technique is use by Disney film Bambi. Released during World War II, the film still used Technicolor cel animation but the goal was to obtain a highly realistic look than the previous productions. Bambi is a story about the birth and maturation of a young male; the son of the stag who rules the forest and his mother who was killed by man. Walt Disney attempted to achieve realistic detail by lecture the animators, so they could study movement of animals. Los Angeles Zoo was shipped a pair of fawns to showed animators, therefore the artist could draw nature look and realistic movement of Bambi and Faline. Each individual shows detail of nature; for instance, in the open scene we saw the shadow of sunlight which represents the morning hours. But because of the realism that they tried to created, multiples of cel made color of the film faded. Bambi used Anthropomorphism to represent gender of male and female stereotypes by using non-human characteristics to display an object or abstract concepts. Even though the film does not ascribe to the typical view of physical appearance but it still portray ideological of gender through Anthropomorphism. Anthropomorphism ascribes human motivation, characteristics or behavior to things not human, such as inanimate objects, animals or natural phenomena. Bambi also represent royalist ideology because the title character is a son of the Great Prince of the Forest and he became the Prince of the forest. The male stereotypes are represented through Bambi, Ronno and Bambis father, while female stereotypes are represented through Bambis mother and Faline. Beginning with male stereotypes, the father is labeled as the Great Prince of the Forest during the film, which represents his authority amongst the forest community which shows that only a male can lead the society and be a protector of f amily or community because males are perceived to be smarter that females. In the scene, Bambis father told everyone in the forest to escape from the hunter it shows how he tried to protect everyone in the forest because he would stay back to ensure that everyone is safe. The mother is represented as the natural stereotype of typical mom who always loves and cares about the children. One of the scenes that showed the way that mothers would do everything for their children is when they ran away from hunter, she preferred to give up her life in order to save her childs life. Another stereotype of young men represent in Bambi and Ronno, when they fight for Faline because young males always fight for a women. We also see the stereotype of young female Disney character in Faline which describe as young, pretty and slender stereotype that depends on a male. She was falling in love with the prince and ended up with the happy ending. The ideology of fairy tales is showed in a female character in Disneys film  which is the inherent expectation to falling in love and getting married to the prince so they can have happiness in life.  An example of this is in Snow White character that allows girls to have fairy-tales to dream of and hope for. As Murphy point out in his essay the Disney ethos both reflects and promotes particular elements of the dominant ideology of United States culture (p. 127), where the young girls are waiting for prince charming and dreaming of being princesses. They set the standards and ideology for girls on how to grow up. Contemporary society believes that women need to be more independent through the film because it has a huge impact on young audience on how they see the world. They want Disney to show that women can take care of themselves, more independent, be leaders, have jobs and do not rely on men. They also want Disney to transform into equality of gender because most of their films show a male dominated outlook. Feminists concerned about perception of the world and values about the point of view on young children especially girls to watch for unhealthy look of the physical attributes along with the values supporting male dominance. Disney production films showed the ideals of nature conflict through their female protagonists where women are fully dependent on men and female characters are often shown as happy housewives. This is due to the personal belief and attitude Walt Disney has towards how the family life is shaped and wha t roles women should play in society. The narratives of media associated between genders offer patterns of proper and improper behavior, messages, and ideological conditioning with pleasurable of popular entertainment being show on television. Even though there have been changes over years, we can see appropriate societal roles for men and women. By analyzing and interpreting animation films through history, one is able to understand the representation of gender which entails the inequalities that rest amongst sex, gender, nature, and ethnicity.

NAFTA and the Labor Debate Essay -- Economy Trade Essays

NAFTA and the Labor Debate The Debate Since the end of the eighties and the beginning of the nineties, there has been a surge in the creation of trade agreements all over the world. The one encompassing the largest area and affecting the greatest number of people is the North American Free Trade Agreement (Text of the NAFTA, Organization of American States). The three major countries of North America signed this regional trade agreement in 1993: Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The North American Free Trade Agreement or the NAFTA, as it became popularly called, was an effort that was initiated by the United States. At first, there existed the CFTA agreement between the United States and Canada. Later the U.S. Administration saw it as beneficial if the country of Mexico entered the free trade agreement. In August of 1990, then Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari formally applied to enter a free trade arrangement with the United States. Six months later, Canada announced that it too would join the negotiation s for a tri-national trade agreement (Coote, p. 7). The agreement was signed and approved by the governments of the three countries and the NAFTA came into effect on January 1, 1994. Interdependence and Free Trade, These are the two most fashionable words spoken by economists and world leaders today. The majority of the nations of the world are involved one type of trade agreement or another and nearly all of the countries in the world are members of the World Trade Organization. With this surge in interdependence and trade agreements however, there have surged many problems and issues that cause much controversy and discordance. One of the main issues that has caused controversy, especially in th... ...TA" in Alan Rugman, 1994. Foreign Investment in NAFTA. Columbia SC. University of South Carolina Press Smith, Adam. 1976. An Inquiery into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press Department Of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. www.stats.bls.gov Table A-4, Selective Employment Indicators Secretaria de Trabajo y Prevision Social. Estadisticas Laborales. Trabajadores Asegurados Permanentes Por Gran Division de Actividad Economica Registrados en el IMSS. www.stps.gob.mx United States – Mexico Chamber of Commerce. "The North American Free Trade Agreement at Five Years : What It Means for the U.S. and Mexico" www.usmcoc.org /naftafor.html United States – Mexico Chamber of Commerce. "The North American Free Trade Agreement: Five Years Linking U.S. and Mexican Markets" http://www.usmcoc.org/nafta5_eng.html

The Person I Admire

Maria Corazon â€Å"Cory† Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office. Aquino was also the first popularly and democratically-elected female president and head of state in Asia. [1][2] She is best remembered for leading the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution, which toppled the authoritarian regime of the late strongman Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines. Tita (Auntie) Cory†, as she is affectionately known, is considered and revered by many Filipinos as an icon of Democracy, and has been hailed by TIME Magazine as the â€Å"Saint of Democracy,† due to her well-known spiritual life and strong adherence to non-violence and democracy. A self-proclaimed â€Å"plain housewife†,[3] Aquino was married to Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. , the popular opposition leader and staunchest critic of then President Ferdinand Marcos. Senator Aquino was assassinated on August 21, 1983 upon returning to the Philippines after his exile in the United States. After her husband's assassination, the widowed Aquino became the unwilling and reluctant leader of the opposition against the authoritarian rule of the Marcos regime. She united the fragmented opposition and strengthened its moral crusade against the abuses and excesses of President Marcos' martial rule. In late 1985, when President Marcos called for a snap election, Cory Aquino was called upon by the people to challenge his regime. Reluctant at first, Aquino thrust herself into the political arena after one million signatures urging her to run for president were presented to her. Despite having no prior political experience, except being her husband Ninoy's wife, Aquino proved to be a cult leader, inspiring orator and skilled campaigner. She ran for president with former senator Salvador Laurel as her vice-presidential running mate. When the Marcos allies-dominated Batasang Pambansa proclaimed Ferdinand Marcos The Great Hero as the winner in the 1986 snap elections, Aquino called for massive civil disobedience protests against him, declaring herself as having been cheated and as the real winner in the elections. Filipinos enthusiastically heeded her call and rallied behind her. These series of events eventually led to the ouster of Marcos from power grabbing and the installation of Aquino as president of the Philippines in February 1986, an event which is now known as the historic 1986 EDSA . The Person I Admire THE PERSON I ADMIRE/THE INSIPER There are so many people who have changed so many lives in my community especially to the youth, but Mandla Ndlovu was born to save the community with his uniqueness to others. He gave up his high powered job just to make sure that his community is a better place for everyone. Mandla Ndlovu was born and raised in Estcourt, he was very popular in the community their say it takes the whole village to raise a child. Everyone knew him at an early age and many parents wanted their children’s to be like him, because he was respecting and every Saturday he goes to clean the church than Sunday he goes to church.Unfortunately his mother was a drunker and he never knew who his father was. Normal he was used to look after himself and his mother when she was drunk, by the age of elven he was working in a super market part time just to make sure that he doesn’t go to bed with an empty stomach. He matriculated in 2001 and he got four distinctions, the municipality council arranged for him to further his studies in Mangosuthu University of technology . sadly his mother died when he was doing level three of his degree.In 2009 Mandla finished his law degree and he was desperate for a job, because he didn’t have much experience in the field so he was willing to do any job. His first client was his father but they both didn’t know that they are connected; luckily they won the case in court. Njabulo â€Å"Mandlas father† was more than satisfied, so he went to Mandlas home to thank him personally for job well done and to invite him to his daughter’s wedding. When he got there he saw a picture of Mandla and his mother, he asked Mandla about that women on the picture and he told him that it his late mother.Njabulo started trying and Mandla was confused; he asked what wrong, than he told him that he once dated Mandlas mother and they had a child together in 1983, the same year Mandla was born and his mother ran away with him. They found each other and they started building their relationship like father and sun. Njabulo was very old and he was a chief in the community, Mandla was his first born so he takes after his father’s chiefance. Mandla used his education and he made same changes in the community, even though he had to go against his father’s rules and the community supported him including his stepmother.Firstly he abolished that girls should leave and get married by the age of 15, that was his father’s rule. Secondly he saw a need of a library, so he approached ABSA bank for a contribution in building a library in my community and ABSA agreed, they take of everything. Thirdly he didn’t promote paranga so he chooses to lead by example and he had one wife, the other chiefs blamed him. He told them that he is the first chief with high powered qualifications. Fourthly every pension day he organizes transport to transport the pension receives to a receiving po int and sometimes he uses his own car.Ever since Mandla became a chief he influenced the say that says education is the key to success to everyone, because his first priority was education. He normally invite motivational speaks ,like DR Gwala and MR Mvelase once in six months sometimes he’s the one who motivating the youth ,he once said that we all have the ability; the difference is how we use it and that Mountains but doubt can create them. These words motivated me as I’m here today and I’m not the only one.Lastly he asked the community to fund raise and he uses that to oblate students who don’t money to register at the high institution of education. Every time he come across the young ones playing, he will ask them their wishes and tell them that no one is given a wish without being given the power to make it come true. If it wasn’t for Mandla s intelligence my community would not be a better place as it is right now. Mandla will always be a he ro to many for us and a role model to the generations to come. Leaders are born with leadership skills like Mandla he was a great leader. The Person I Admire THE PERSON I ADMIRE/THE INSIPER There are so many people who have changed so many lives in my community especially to the youth, but Mandla Ndlovu was born to save the community with his uniqueness to others. He gave up his high powered job just to make sure that his community is a better place for everyone. Mandla Ndlovu was born and raised in Estcourt, he was very popular in the community their say it takes the whole village to raise a child. Everyone knew him at an early age and many parents wanted their children’s to be like him, because he was respecting and every Saturday he goes to clean the church than Sunday he goes to church.Unfortunately his mother was a drunker and he never knew who his father was. Normal he was used to look after himself and his mother when she was drunk, by the age of elven he was working in a super market part time just to make sure that he doesn’t go to bed with an empty stomach. He matriculated in 2001 and he got four distinctions, the municipality council arranged for him to further his studies in Mangosuthu University of technology . sadly his mother died when he was doing level three of his degree.In 2009 Mandla finished his law degree and he was desperate for a job, because he didn’t have much experience in the field so he was willing to do any job. His first client was his father but they both didn’t know that they are connected; luckily they won the case in court. Njabulo â€Å"Mandlas father† was more than satisfied, so he went to Mandlas home to thank him personally for job well done and to invite him to his daughter’s wedding. When he got there he saw a picture of Mandla and his mother, he asked Mandla about that women on the picture and he told him that it his late mother.Njabulo started trying and Mandla was confused; he asked what wrong, than he told him that he once dated Mandlas mother and they had a child together in 1983, the same year Mandla was born and his mother ran away with him. They found each other and they started building their relationship like father and sun. Njabulo was very old and he was a chief in the community, Mandla was his first born so he takes after his father’s chiefance. Mandla used his education and he made same changes in the community, even though he had to go against his father’s rules and the community supported him including his stepmother.Firstly he abolished that girls should leave and get married by the age of 15, that was his father’s rule. Secondly he saw a need of a library, so he approached ABSA bank for a contribution in building a library in my community and ABSA agreed, they take of everything. Thirdly he didn’t promote paranga so he chooses to lead by example and he had one wife, the other chiefs blamed him. He told them that he is the first chief with high powered qualifications. Fourthly every pension day he organizes transport to transport the pension receives to a receiving po int and sometimes he uses his own car.Ever since Mandla became a chief he influenced the say that says education is the key to success to everyone, because his first priority was education. He normally invite motivational speaks ,like DR Gwala and MR Mvelase once in six months sometimes he’s the one who motivating the youth ,he once said that we all have the ability; the difference is how we use it and that Mountains but doubt can create them. These words motivated me as I’m here today and I’m not the only one.Lastly he asked the community to fund raise and he uses that to oblate students who don’t money to register at the high institution of education. Every time he come across the young ones playing, he will ask them their wishes and tell them that no one is given a wish without being given the power to make it come true. If it wasn’t for Mandla s intelligence my community would not be a better place as it is right now. Mandla will always be a he ro to many for us and a role model to the generations to come. Leaders are born with leadership skills like Mandla he was a great leader.

Essay on Public Policy Social

Essay on Public Policy Social Essay on Public Policy Social Essay on Public Policy SocialPublic policies are developed based on the issues that trouble the members of society to the point that there is a necessity to take an action. According to Larry N. Gerston (2010), â€Å"issues preceding those policies develop when individuals with similar problems are forced to cope, without solution, for an unacceptable period of time†(p. 22). Public policy problems can be solved by means of effective public policy making. Illegal immigration has become a public policy problem. The problem is becoming more and more acute because of indecisiveness on the part of policy-makers. Thesis statement: Illegal immigration has become a public policy problem, which requires the proper solutions by means of effective public policymaking process, supported by public and political awareness of the significance of the policy for economic, political and cultural development of the nation.Outline of the major points The scope and nature of the public policy pro blemThe scope of the public policy problem like immigration or illegal immigration is large and expanding. According to James Hollifield and colleagues, â€Å"Illegal immigration also drew attention as a prominent public policy problem†(p.102). The statistical data shows that in 2008, there were about 11.9 million of illegal immigrants in the United States (Illegal Immigration Facts Statistics, 2014). According to the research conducted by the center of Immigration Studies, if immigration continues to grow at current levels, the population of the United States will increase â€Å"from 301 million today to 468 million in 2060 a 167 million, or 56% increase† (Illegal Immigration Facts Statistics, 2014). The nature of the public policy problem in concluded in the fact that illegal immigrants have no rights in the United States, but at the same time, they have negative impact on the development of the U.S. economy. Illegal immigration leads to increased unemployment. As a result, current immigration policy is ineffective.How the problem came to public and political awarenessThe problem of illegal immigration came to public and political awareness because of considerable changes in social, political and economic life of the country. Public awareness of the problem like illegal immigration is supported by certain concerns over national security. Ideological pressures influence public interpretation of current immigration laws (Koven Gà ¶tzke, 2010). Americans who oppose immigration policy explain their negative attitude to policy implementation by the threat to unemployment, the threat to cultural identity, and national security. Political awareness of the problem is caused by the functioning of interest groups, such as human rights groups and business groups. As the United States in the nation of immigrants, political parties are aware of the significance of the issue in the political development of the nation (Koven Gà ¶tzke, 2010).The evoluti on of the related public policyThe evolution of the related public policy is connected with considerable changes in decision making of policy-makers. The problem of illegal immigration begins as an individual issue, although it is closely connected with â€Å"the evolution of personal topics into widely shared aggravation that makes such dilemmas suddenly political and, therefore, candidates for public policy activity† (Gerston, 2010, p. 22).Level of government and the actors involvedThe level of government involved in public policy making to address the public policy problem of illegal immigration include central and district levels of government. Both central and district levels of government have opportunities for involvement in decision making regarding immigration issues. The actors involved in policy making process concerning illegal immigration include civil society, business community, public and private institutions. These actors have access to the resources that may affect the policy making process.The intergovernmental structure and political concernsThe intergovernmental structure plays an important role in policy making process in the United States. Certain political concerns regarding immigration policy should be taken into consideration by policy makers. According to researchers, â€Å"concerns about integration into a cohesive national identity have been enhanced by fears about Islamic fundamentalism following September 11, 2001 attacks†(Koven Gà ¶tzke, 2010, p.178). As the effectiveness of immigration policy depends on ideologies of immigrants, certain political concerns may be connected with the concept of citizenship or human rights issues.Conflicting public opinion and impact on policy solutionsThere are conflicting public opinions regarding immigration policy. The majority of American citizens have positive views on immigrants. They consider that â€Å"immigrant benefit the U.S. economically and culturally†. However, there are many Americans who state that â€Å"they are a net burden on the state† (Albertson Gadarian, 2013, p. 288). It is known that recent immigration policies were aimed at preventing the spread of clandestine immigration in the United States, as well as guaranteed a â€Å"minimum level of rights to immigrants, even to those without a residence permit† (De Montis et al., 2012, p. 1227). Nevertheless, many Americans opposed these policies, explaining the significant role of diversifications in human society, which lead to conflicts between cultures.The approaches to policy formulation, adoption, and evaluationThe approaches to policy formulation, adoption, and evaluation play an important role in policy making process. Policy formulation process requires high level of political diplomacy and effective negotiation as this process takes place within a large political arena. Policy approaches to address immigration issues require public involvement. The rational appr oach is the most appropriate for finding solutions to immigration policy problems as it reflect real-world goals. It is necessity to define the problem, social values and policy goals in order to explore the major policy alternative solutions. Policy adoption process is based on the awareness of the significance of the issue. Policy evaluation should be focused on design, explanation and testing of various methods to address policy evaluation issues, including case study evaluation, needs analysis, realistic analysis and other methods.The suggested policy direction (continuation, change or termination) and future impactThe brief overview of immigration public policy problem shows that illegal immigration influences practically every area of public concern. As a result, the suggested policy direction should be based on change of current public policy decisions. It is necessary to make certain changes in order to accelerate the economic development of the nation. Generally speaking, t oday’s immigration law in the United States requires reformation. According to Briggs, it is necessary to make â€Å"labor-market-oriented changes to immigration policy†, which could form a solid foundation for such reformation (qtd. in Peach, 2010, p. 111). Although changes in immigration law cannot have significant impact on the causes of illegal immigration, they may contribute to finding the ways to improve economic development.Conclusion Thus, it is necessary to conclude that the public policy problem like illegal immigration is really serious. As public policy problem affect public policy implementation, it is necessary to find the proper solutions to the problem of illegal immigration. The public response to existing problems and the solutions to these problems should be based on positive public experience.

The kaibab essay Essays

The kaibab essay Essays The kaibab essay Essay The kaibab essay Essay Ivan espinoza Biology October 28, 2013 Kaibab and wolf problem The Yosemite national park has a problem with over grazing of kaibab in the park and will cause over population and starvation and what the Grand Canyon national preserve game started to release wolfs into the park but near by farmers are out raged, because these wolves are killing their live stock. The farmers want the government to allow them to protect themselves from the wolves but the wolves are endangered species this will kill of this species for ever. With this reasons these could help this problem. one way to stop this is by forming a law on it being illegal to kill wolves. By this would prevent farmers from killing and being fined for doing so for example if a farmer where to kill one he will be fined a large price for killing the animal. Second way is by moving the wolf population away from farms and far away. By this if their still close to the kaibab but away from the farmers livestock will keep both sides happy. Third way is by adding hunters to kill of kaibab lowering the population. For this will make no need for wolves keeping them away from the livestock and both the over population problem and the killing of livestock will be solved. For these solutions it is possible to make both parties happy. By making a federal law against killing wolves, moving the wolves away from livestock somewhere farther but close to kaibab, and hiring hunters to kill kaibab so they dont require wolves to do it. These are all the solutions possible that the park could use to help these to problems.

EFG Eurobank Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

EFG Eurobank Corporate Strategy - Essay Example More recently, strategy implementation has been heralded as the key to corporate strategic success (Ulijn and Amant, 2000). However, corporate strategy regardless of how elegantly conceived, how comprehensive its scope, or how forward-looking its thrust, does not provide competitive advantage until it is communicated, understood, valued and acted upon by a variety of key corporate stakeholders. Employees must understand, accept and internalise corporate strategy if the strategic blueprint is to be transformed into positive strategic results. Suppliers, strategic partners and customers must have a basic understanding and appreciation of the firm's strategic direction if these stakeholder relationships are to flourish and be productive. The financial community must be aware of a company's strategic intentions in order to properly evaluate a firm's current value and prospects for the future. Only when the corporate strategy message is communicated in a clear, concise, timely and persuasive manner to key corporate stakeholders does the firm have an opportunity to achieve competitive advantage. This paper will serve as an explanation of what Corporate Strategy meant. ... EFG Eurobank Ergasias was first established in 1990 as Euromerchant Bank. With 8 billion market capitalisation and 1.9 billion share capital at the end of 2004, the EFG Eurobank Ergasias Group currently offers a full range of banking products and services aimed at individuals, corporations and institutions. The Bank has built up leading market positions in a number of areas, in particular in the high margin, high growth segments, which form the key focus of its activities. EFG Eurobank Ergasias is Greece's leading provider of consumer loans and credit cards, lending to small and medium sized enterprises and mutual fund management. Moreover, it has a significant presence in corporate banking and holds the leading position both in investment banking, through EFG Telesis Finance, and in capital markets, through EFG Eurobank Securities, while it also has a strong comparative advantage in the field of private banking. Employing over 13,700 people, both in Greece and abroad, with a local distribution network of over 300 branches, 700 ATMs and alternative distribution channels, including phone banking, electronic banking and mobile banking, the Bank achieves countrywide distribution and service capability and the integrated coverage of the needs of its customers. The Bank also develops its presence in the wider geographical area. Access to European markets is facilitated through the strategic alliance with Geneva-based EFG Group. The Target of EFG Eurobank was to become the Bank of first choice in Greece, focusing on quality, innovation and comprehensive services; and To develop its presence in the wider area of Southeastern Europe, exporting its successful local business model. In terms of its ownership,

Culinary Arts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culinary Arts - Research Paper Example The experience is great because class sizes are small, technical training, and allows students to work. Culinary groups are split into two shifts, morning and afternoons. Students get a real-chance of creating these dishes as it applied to their major. Students also encouraged to think freely and question the preparation meals in order to encompass it in their food making skills. The students prepared a tofu dish for a vegetarian customer, separated duck meat, and other appetizers. The dining team also prepares a wine base to ensure that the soups are being made. The baking and pastry team cut the dough and prepared the dish along with the tiramisu. A narrative of a student along with other chefs is captured in which every meal is elaborated. Meanwhile, the service team is preparing dining tables for the guest to ensure that they are ready for serving their guests. The wine team also prepares the hierarchy of wines, which provides a comprehensive accumulation of the model restaurant. Overall, all the students did a wonderful job to provide a comprehensive dining

Security assignment IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Security assignment IT - Essay Example information should retain its integrity both with time as well as user at that particular instance of time. Exposure to corruption, un-monitored changes and destructions disrupt the information to a corrupted or unauthentic state. Information can be corrupted while compilation or storage but in most of the cases it happens while transmission. Availability of information is that it is available for all the users at all the times, so that it can be reached by everyone and is received in an integral form. It also takes into context the positive as well as negative users of the information. This characteristic of information makes the information usability possible only for the purposes known to the data owner. Information is not protected from observation, it can be seen by everyone but it is usable only in the ways known to the author. Information systems have a basic characteristic of identification of the information requester. A system has this characteristic when it can identify the individual user while user sends the request for the information. When the process of identification and authentication is completed, it is checked that the requesting user has the authorization to the requested context and has been provided the authorization permissions from the proper authority. As if information is not confidential, a lot of important business decisions can leak from the strategic departments of the organization, which gives an organization’s strategic information to the competition, which is hazardous to any organization for its financial as well as strategic pursuits. Privacy, authentication and authorization are to make sure the integrity, availability and security of the system. In the lack of these characteristics, information is just a collection of content, which no one knows how to access and anyone can access it without any permissions taken from the owner of the